Trial reportBMC public health2020
Exposure contrasts associated with a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) intervention at potential field sites for the multi-country household air pollution intervention network (HAPIN) trial in India: results from pilot phase activities in rural Tamil Nadu.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02944682 (Household Air Pollution and Health), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Household Air Pollution and Health: A Multi-country LPG Intervention Trial
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of toluene concentration: a comparative assessment of indoor air quality in residential buildings.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Exposure Contrasts of Women Aged 40-79 Years during the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Randomized Controlled Trial.Environmental science & technology · 2025Trial
- Effects of a liquefied petroleum gas stove and fuel intervention on head circumference and length at birth: A multi-country household air pollution intervention network (HAPIN) trial.Environment international · 2025Trial
- Exposure Contrasts of Pregnant Women during the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Randomized Controlled Trial.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Trial
- Association between personal exposure to household air pollution and gestational blood pressure among women using solid cooking fuels in rural Tamil Nadu, India.Environmental research · 2022Trial
- Household Air Pollution Concentrations after Liquefied Petroleum Gas Interventions in Rural Peru: Findings from a One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial Followed by a One-Year Pragmatic Crossover Trial.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Trial
- Facing the Realities of Pragmatic Design Choices in Environmental Health Studies: Experiences from the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Pregnant Women's Exposure to Household Air Pollution in Rural Bangladesh: A Feasibility Study for Poriborton: The CHANge Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- LPG stove and fuel intervention among pregnant women reduce fine particle air pollution exposures in three countries: Pilot results from the HAPIN trial.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2021Trial
- Prevalence and determinants of anaemia among pregnant women using biomass fuel in rural Tamil Nadu: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Heat Exposure among Adult Women in Rural Tamil Nadu, India.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Exposure-response relationships for personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PMThe Lancet. Planetary health · 2023Observational
- Chemical Investigation of Household Solid Fuel Use and Outdoor Air Pollution Contributions to Personal PMEnvironmental science & technology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial aims to assess health benefits of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookfuel and stove intervention among women and children across four low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We measured exposure contrasts for women, achievable under alternative conditions of biomass or LPG cookfuel use, at potential HAPIN field sites in India, to aid in site selection for the main trial.
methodsWe recruited participants from potential field sites within Villupuram and Nagapattinam districts in Tamil Nadu, India, that were identified during a feasibility assessment. We performed. (i) cross-sectional measurements on women (N = 79) using either biomass or LPG as their primary cookfuel and (ii) before-and-after measurements on pregnant women (N = 41), once at baseline while using biomass fuel and twice - at 1 and 2 months - after installation of an LPG stove and free fuel intervention. We involved participants to co-design clothing and instrument stands for personal and area sampling. We measured 24 or 48-h personal exposures and kitchen and ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) using gravimetric samplers.
resultsIn the cross-sectional analysis, median (interquartile range, IQR) kitchen PM2.5 concentrations in biomass and LPG using homes were 134 μg/m3 [IQR:71-258] and 27 μg/m3 [IQR:20-47], while corresponding personal exposures were 75 μg/m3 [IQR:55-104] and 36 μg/m3 [IQR:26-46], respectively. In before-and-after analysis, median 48-h personal exposures for pregnant women were 72 μg/m3 [IQR:49-127] at baseline and 25 μg/m3 [IQR:18-35] after the LPG intervention, with a sustained reduction of 93% in mean kitchen PM2.5 concentrations and 78% in mean personal PM2.5 exposures over the 2 month intervention period. Median ambient concentrations were 23 μg/m3 [IQR:19-27). Participant feedback was critical in designing clothing and instrument stands that ensured high compliance.
conclusionsAn LPG stove and fuel intervention in the candidate HAPIN trial field sites in India was deemed suitable for achieving health-relevant exposure reductions. Ambient concentrations indicated limited contributions from other sources. Study results provide critical inputs for the HAPIN trial site selection in India, while also contributing new information on HAP exposures in relation to LPG interventions and among pregnant women in LMICs.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.Gov. NCT02944682 ; Prospectively registered on October 17, 2016.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.