ArticleBMC public health2020
Effectiveness of same-day antiretroviral therapy initiation in retention outcomes among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia: empirical evidence.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of retention and disengagement after initiation on antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries after the introduction of Universal Test and Treat policies.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions to improve early retention of patients in antiretroviral therapy programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among HIV infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Tigray War and HIV Care Cascade Entry in Mekelle, Ethiopia.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Mortality and its predictors among adolescents and adults on antiretroviral therapy in the era of test-and-treat, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Key factors influencing retention in care among people living with HIV in Turkey: a 5-year retrospective analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Universal "Test and Treat" for HIV Had Little Effect on Outcomes, but Missed Clinic Visits Threaten Success of Botswana's National Antiretroviral Treatment Program.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2025Article
- Time to death and its predictors among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in public health facilities of Horro Guduru Wallaga zone, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The impact of same-day and rapid ART initiation under the Universal Health Coverage programme on HIV outcomes in Thailand: a retrospective real-life cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Acceptability of a pilot motivational interviewing intervention at public health facilities to improve the HIV treatment cascade among people who inject drugs in Indonesia.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Changes in access to viral load testing, incidence rates of viral load suppression and rebound following the introduction of the 'universal test and treat' guidelines in Cameroon: A retrospective follow-up analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Outcomes and Predictors of Rapid Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation for People With Newly Diagnosed HIV in an Integrated Health Care System.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Strategies to improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and early engagement among men in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review of interventions in the era of universal treatment.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2023Article
- Same-Day Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation as a Predictor of Loss to Follow-up and Viral Suppression Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Sub-Saharan Africa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Universal test and treat in Cameroon: a comparative retrospective analysis of mortality and loss to follow-up before and after a strategic change in approach to HIV care.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Article
- Simplified clinical algorithm for immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation: The HATI [HIV awal (early) Test & Treat in Indonesia] implementation research in Indonesia.The Indian journal of medical research · 2022Review
- Poor adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among people living with HIV in Eastern Ethiopia.SAGE open medicine · 2022Article
- Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment Among People Who Started Treatment on the Same-Day of HIV Diagnosis in Ethiopia: A Multicenter Observational Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn August 2016, Ethiopia endorsed a universal "test and treat" strategy for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) based on World Health Organization recommendation. However, there is limited evidence on the routine application of the same-day "test and treat" recommendation in low-income settings. This study assessed the effect of same-day treatment initiation on individual-level retention at 6- and 12-months follow-up.
methodsA multicenter facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare retention-in-care between PLHIV who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the same-day and those started ART > 7 days following HIV diagnoses. Participants were at least 15 years-old and were newly diagnosed and started on ART between October 2016 and July 2018 in 11 health facilities in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. Multivariable logistic regression controlling for potential confounders and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to assess differences in outcomes between the groups.
resultsIn total, 433 PLHIV started ART on the same-day of diagnosis and 555 PLHIV who started ART > 7 days after HIV diagnosis were included in the study. At 6-months, 82.0% (355) in the same-day group vs 89.4% (496) in the > 7 days group were retained-in-care (absolute risk difference (RD) = 7.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9-11.8%). At 12-months, 75.8% (328) in the same-day group vs 82.0% (455) in the > 7 days group were retained-in-care (absolute RD = 6.2%; 95% CI: 1.1, 11.4%). The major drop in retention was in the first 30 days following ART initiation among same-day group. After adjusting for baseline and non-baseline covariates, the same-day group was less likely to be retained-in-care at 6- and 12-months (adjusted risk ratio (RR) = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.90 and adjusted RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.89, respectively).
conclusionsReduced retention-in-care can threaten the benefit of the same-day "test and treat" policy. The policy needs to be implemented cautiously with greater emphasis on assessment and preparation of PLHIV for ART to ensure treatment readiness before starting them on same-day ART and close monitoring of patients during early follow-up periods.
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