ArticleChild neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence2021
Developmental trajectory of subtle motor signs in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A longitudinal study from childhood to adolescence.
Article in Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Childhood white matter morphology and longitudinal change in symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Article
- Convergent validity of physical and neurological examination of subtle signs (PANESS) gaits and stations with performance-based and self-reported balance measures.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Equivalence of in-person and videoconference administration of the Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs (PANESS) timed motor section.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2025Article
- Quantifying age-related changes in mirror overflow in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Annals of the Child Neurology Society · 2025Article
- Patterns of Change in Functional Connectivity and Motor Performance Are Different in Youth Recently Recovered from Concussion.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Shared and distinct alterations in brain morphology in children with ADHD and obesity: Reduced cortical surface area in ADHD and thickness in overweight/obesity.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024Article
- Subtle motor signs in children with ADHD and their white matter correlates.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Neurodevelopmental benefits of judo training in preschool children: a multinational, mixed methods follow-up study.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Inter-rater Reliability of the Revised Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs (PANESS) scored using video review.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2023Article
- Rethinking recovery in adolescent concussions: Network-level functional connectivity alterations associated with motor deficits.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Accounting for motion in resting-state fMRI: What part of the spectrum are we characterizing in autism spectrum disorder?NeuroImage · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study examined the developmental trajectory of neurodevelopmental motor signs among boys and girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically-developing (TD) children. Seventy children with ADHD and 48 TD children, aged 8-17 years, were evaluated on at least two time-points using the Physical and Neurological Assessment of Subtle Signs (PANESS). Age-related changes in subtle motor signs (overflow, dysrhythmia, speed) were modeled using linear mixed-effects models to compare the developmental trajectories among four subgroups (ADHD girls and boys and TD girls and boys). Across visits, both boys and girls with ADHD showed greater overflow, dysrhythmia, and slower speed on repetitive motor tasks compared to TD peers; whereas, only girls with ADHD were slower on sequential motor tasks than TD girls. Developmental trajectory analyses revealed a greater reduction in overflow with age among boys with ADHD than TD boys; whereas, trajectories did not differ among girls with and without ADHD, or among boys and girls with ADHD. For dysrhythmia and speed, there were no trajectory differences between the subgroups, with all groups showing similar reductions with age. Children with ADHD show developmental trajectories of subtle motor signs that are consistent with those of TD children, with one clear exception: Boys with ADHD show more significant reductions in overflow from childhood to adolescence than do their TD peers. Our findings affirm the presence of subtle motor signs in children with ADHD and suggest that some of these signs, particularly motor overflow in boys, resolve through adolescence while dysrhythmia and slow speed, may persist.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.