ArticleCurrent biology : CB2021
Human Responses to Visually Evoked Threat.
Article in Current biology : CB, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Trial
- Psychedelic 4-AcO-DMT attenuated looming-induced freezing behaviors by activating PrLMolecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Transition ability to safe states reduces fear responses to height.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Assessment of PTSD in military personnel via machine learning based on physiological habituation in a virtual immersive environment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association Between Sensation Seeking and Fear Response: Interventional Study of Personality and Behavior Using a Virtual Reality Heights Simulation.JMIR XR and spatial computing · 2025Article
- No cardiac phase bias for threat-related distance perception under naturalistic conditions in immersive virtual reality.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Immersive VR for investigating threat avoidance: The VRthreat toolkit for Unity.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- The influence of postural threat-induced anxiety on locomotor learning and updating.Journal of neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Pathway-specific inputs to the superior colliculus support flexible responses to visual threat.Science advances · 2023Article
- Slow Breathing Reduces Biomarkers of Stress in Response to a Virtual Reality Active Shooter Training Drill.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Are Fear and Anxiety Truly Distinct?Biological psychiatry global open science · 2022Review
- The Effect of Expertise during Simulated Flight Emergencies on the Autonomic Response and Operative Performance in Military Pilots.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vision is the primary sense humans use to evaluate and respond to threats. Understanding the biological underpinnings of the human threat response has been hindered by lack of realistic in-lab threat paradigms. We established an immersive virtual reality (VR) platform to simultaneously measure behavior, physiological state, and neural activity from the human brain using chronically implanted electrodes. Subjects with high anxiety showed increased visual scanning in response to threats as compared to healthy controls. In both healthy and anxious subjects, the amount of scanning behavior correlated with the magnitude of physiological arousal, suggesting that visual scanning behavior is directly linked to internal state. Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings from three subjects suggested that high-frequency gamma activity in the insula positively correlates with physiological arousal induced by visual threats and that low-frequency theta activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) negatively correlates with physiological arousal induced by visual threats. These findings reveal a key role of eye movements and suggest that distinct insula and OFC activation dynamics may be important for detecting and adjusting human stress in response to visually perceived threats.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.