ArticleeLife2020
Tracking prototype and exemplar representations in the brain across learning.
Article in eLife, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05910762 (Learning Novel Structure Across Time and Sleep), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Learning Novel Structure Across Time and Sleep
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural correlates of learning speed reveal developmental differences in memory.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Ventromedial prefrontal cortex supports prototype representations in healthy older adults.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Article
- From cognitive abstraction to adaptive behavior: neural bases of concept learning in autistic adolescents.Molecular autism · 2026Article
- Cortical knowledge structures guide word concept learning.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Distinct Hippocampal Mechanisms Support Concept Formation and Updating.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Action information is integrated into entorhinal representations of conceptual space and is reflected in eye movements.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- From cognitive abstraction to adaptive behavior: neural bases of concept learning in autistic adolescents.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neurocomputational modeling of rule abstraction and memorization during probabilistic stimulus-reward learning.iScience · 2026Article
- Hippocampal connectivity predicting recognition and categorization abilities.Frontiers in cognition · 2026Article
- Hippocampal-prefrontal orchestration supports higher-order learning for creative ideation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- High coherence among training exemplars promotes broad generalization of face families.Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition · 2025Article
- Complex Rule Transfer Recruits Rostral Prefrontal and Ventromedial Prefrontal Neural Networks.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Feature identification learning both shapes and is shaped by spatial object-similarity representations.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- Type of feedback affects formation of prototype or exemplar representations.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2025Article
- Enhanced and idiosyncratic neural representations of personally typical scenes.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Emergence of Categorical Representations in Parietal and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex across Extended Training.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Linking Subclinical Autistic Traits and Perceptual Category Learning.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- When genetics prevail: brain stimulation fails to overcome learning deficits from brain-derived neurotrophic factorClinical neurophysiology practice · 2025Article
- A framework for uniting space and time in the mind and brain.Frontiers in cognition · 2025Article
- Category boundaries modulate memory in a place-cell-like manner.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is a long-standing debate about whether categories are represented by individual category members (exemplars) or by the central tendency abstracted from individual members (prototypes). Neuroimaging studies have shown neural evidence for either exemplar representations or prototype representations, but not both. Presently, we asked whether it is possible for multiple types of category representations to exist within a single task. We designed a categorization task to promote both exemplar and prototype representations and tracked their formation across learning. We found only prototype correlates during the final test. However, interim tests interspersed throughout learning showed prototype and exemplar representations across distinct brain regions that aligned with previous studies: prototypes in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior hippocampus and exemplars in inferior frontal gyrus and lateral parietal cortex. These findings indicate that, under the right circumstances, individuals may form representations at multiple levels of specificity, potentially facilitating a broad range of future decisions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.