Trial reportStatistics in medicine2021
Generalizing randomized trial findings to a target population using complex survey population data.
Trial report in Statistics in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Examining the effect of universal testing and treatment strategies for HIV prevention in Zambia and South Africa: generalizing the results of the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Trial
- Estimating the impact of stimulant use on initiation of buprenorphine and extended-release naltrexone in two clinical trials and real-world populations.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Trial
- Adding a Prevention Intervention to an Established App: The Blued+ HIV Prevention Pilot Study in Beijing and Chengdu, China.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Uptake of HIV Self-testing Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Nigeria: A Secondary Observational Analysis of a Stepped-Wedge, Cluster-Randomized Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Fusing Specialized Surveys of Rare Populations to Larger Surveys for Generalized Inference: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Food Label Readability and Consumption Frequency: Isolating Content-Specific Effects via a Non-Equivalent Dependent Variable Design.Nutrients · 2026Article
- A Sensitivity Analysis Framework Using the Proxy Pattern-Mixture Model for Generalization of Experimental Results.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Causal Inference Methods for Combining Randomized Trials and Observational Studies: A Review.Statistical science : a review journal of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics · 2024Article
- Comparing Lung Cancer Screening Strategies in a Nationally Representative US Population Using Transportability Methods for the National Lung Cancer Screening Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- How Generalizable Are Findings from a Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study? Extending Estimates from the Adult Changes in Thought Study to Its Source Population.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Machine-learning-based high-benefit approach versus conventional high-risk approach in blood pressure management.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Transporting monovalent rotavirus vaccine efficacy estimates to an external target population: a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial in Malawi.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Generalizing trial evidence to target populations in non-nested designs: Applications to AIDS clinical trials.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics · 2022Article
- Universal adaptability: Target-independent inference that competes with propensity scoring.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Invited Commentary: Treatment Drop-in-Making the Case for Causal Prediction.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Target validity: Bringing treatment of external validity in line with internal validity.Current epidemiology reports · 2020Article
- Target Aggregate Data Adjustment Method for Transportability Analysis Utilizing Summary-Level Data From the Target Population.Pharmaceutical statisticsArticle
- Transporting randomized trial results to estimate counterfactual survival functions in target populations.Pharmaceutical statisticsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Randomized trials are considered the gold standard for estimating causal effects. Trial findings are often used to inform policy and programming efforts, yet their results may not generalize well to a relevant target population due to potential differences in effect moderators between the trial and population. Statistical methods have been developed to improve generalizability by combining trials and population data, and weighting the trial to resemble the population on baseline covariates. Large-scale surveys in fields such as health and education with complex survey designs are a logical source for population data; however, there is currently no best practice for incorporating survey weights when generalizing trial findings to a complex survey. We propose and investigate ways to incorporate survey weights in this context. We examine the performance of our proposed estimator through simulations in comparison to estimators that ignore the complex survey design. We then apply the methods to generalize findings from two trials-a lifestyle intervention for blood pressure reduction and a web-based intervention to treat substance use disorders-to their respective target populations using population data from complex surveys. The work highlights the importance in properly accounting for the complex survey design when generalizing trial findings to a population represented by a complex survey sample.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.