ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2021
Impact of COVID-19 on the thyroid gland: an update.
Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases After COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review of Clinical Manifestation and Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- A bibliometric analysis of inflammation and thyroid carcinoma: research trends and future perspectives.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The prevalence of thyroid disorders in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Pediatric endocrinopathies related to COVID-19: an update.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023Pooled it
- Thyroxine changes in COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Risk factors, treatment and outcomes of subacute thyroiditis secondary to COVID-19: a systematic review.Internal medicine journal · 2022Pooled it
- Graves' disease following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of the reported cases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Causal associations between thyroid dysfunction and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Thyroid surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a systematic review.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Pooled it
- The Association Between COVID-19 and Thyroxine Levels: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review of COVID-19 and autoimmune thyroiditis.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Thyroid Dysfunction and Autoimmune Ultrasound Changes: A 12-Month Prospective Cohort Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Health care utilization before and after COVID-19 diagnosis: a multidisease matched-cohort study by sociodemographic factors.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Vitamin D Modulates Humoral Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Autoimmune Thyroiditis: An Endocrine-Immune Perspective Supported by Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- COVID-19 pandemic and thyroid diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy concurrent with hyperthyroidism following COVID-19-a case report and literature review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Long-term risk of incident thyroid cancer after COVID-19 in patients with thyroid disorder: a multicenter propensity score-matched cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association Between COVID-19 Infection and Thyroid Cancer Development: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the TriNetX Database.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Low urinary selenium concentration is associated with nonthyroidal illness syndrome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the pandemic of the new millennium. COVID-19 can cause both pulmonary and systemic inflammation, potentially determining multi-organ dysfunction. Data on the relationship between COVID-19 and thyroid have been emerging, and rapidly increasing since March 2020. The thyroid gland and the virus infection with its associated inflammatory-immune responses are known to be engaged in complex interplay. SARS-CoV-2 uses ACE2 combined with the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) as the key molecular complex to infect the host cells. Interestingly, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels are high in the thyroid gland and more than in the lungs. Our literature search provided greater evidence that the thyroid gland and the entire hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis could be relevant targets of damage by SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, COVID-19-related thyroid disorders include thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, as well as nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Moreover, we noticed that treatment plans for thyroid cancer are considerably changing in the direction of more teleconsultations and less diagnostic and therapeutical procedures. The current review includes findings that could be changed soon by new results on the topic, considering the rapidity of worldwide research on COVID-19.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.