ArticlePeerJ2020
Using the FRAIL scale to compare pre-existing demographic lifestyle and medical risk factors between non-frail, pre-frail and frail older adults accessing primary health care: a cross-sectional study.
Article in PeerJ, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparison of the long-term prognostic value of different frailty instruments in older inpatients: a 5-year prospective cohort study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a generalizable electronic frailty index: a prospective study in China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association and Comparison of Systemic Inflammation Indicators and Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery in Older Patients.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Development and validation of an explainable machine learning model for predicting multidimensional frailty in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Frailty According to Gender of Older Adults Living Alone.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew studies in the scientific literature have analyzed frailty status as an ordinal variable (non-frail, pre-frail and frail) rather than as a binary variable (frail vs non-frail). These studies have found that pre-frailty behaves differently from frailty (no ordinality in the variable). However, although the comparison between pre-frail and frail individuals is clinically relevant to understanding how to treat pre-frailty, this comparison was not performed in previous studies. MATERIALS AND
methodsA cross-sectional observational study was designed with 621 older individuals aged ≥60 years in Spain in 2017-2018, determining factors associated with a higher frailty stage (non-frail, pre-frail and frail) and undertaking this comparison, in addition to measuring non-frailty. The factors assessed through a multinominal regression model were: age, sex, living alone, recent loss of the partner, income and total comorbidities.
resultsOf the total participants, 285 were non-frail (45.9%), 210 were pre-frail (33.8%) and 126 were frail (20.3%). Compared to non-frail individuals, pre-frail individuals were older, with more comorbidities and a lower income. Compared to non-frail individuals, frail individuals were more likely to be female, older, with more comorbidities and a lower income. Compared to pre-frail individuals, frail individuals were more likely to be female, older and with more comorbidities.
conclusionComparison between the pre-frail and frail groups showed that frail persons were more likely to have a lower income, be female, older and have a higher number of comorbidities.
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Registered trials
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