ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Adjuvants for Coronavirus Vaccines.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 199 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroid Inconveniences With Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2: The Size of the Matter. A Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit recombinant vaccine (Indovac®) in healthy populations aged 18 years and above in Indonesia: A phase I, observer-blind, randomized, controlled study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Evaluating the efficacy and safety of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2-adjuvanted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein vaccine: a phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine: a phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled trial in both seropositive and seronegative populations.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Trial
- Effect of PEI25k/DOTAP/cholesterol liposomal formulation on the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-encoding DNA vaccine.Biotechnologia · 2026Article
- Transforming therapeutics through biomaterials: A comprehensive insight into biomaterials' role in effective drug delivery and healthcare advancement.Biomaterials translational · 2026Review
- CHIVAX 2.1-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles as Intranasal Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19: Development and Murine Safety Assessment.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Rice-derived SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein S1 subunit vaccine elicits humoral and cellular immune responses.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Delivery of PLGA-Loaded Influenza Vaccine Microparticles Using Dissolving Microneedles Induces a Robust Immune Response.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccines and neurological disorders: A narrative review of immune responses and adverse reactions.AIMS neuroscience · 2025Review
- Hypophysitis after COVID-19 vaccination in a patient with Rathke's cleft cyst: A case report.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- An Evaluation of the Cellular and Humoral Response of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate Against COVID-19 with Different Alum Adjuvants.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Review
- Effect of SpikoGen subunit vaccine administration during pregnancy on fetal development of rats.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Article
- Diabetic Mice Spleen Vulnerability Contributes to Decreased Persistence of Antibody Production after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Baculovirus-Expressed SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein in Mice as a Universal Vaccine Candidate.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Omicron XBB.1.16-Adapted Vaccine for COVID-19: Interim Immunogenicity and Safety Clinical Trial Results.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Review
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccine development utilizing various platforms is one of the strategies that has been proposed to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Adjuvants are critical components of both subunit and certain inactivated vaccines because they induce specific immune responses that are more robust and long-lasting. A review of the history of coronavirus vaccine development demonstrates that only a few adjuvants, including aluminum salts, emulsions, and TLR agonists, have been formulated for the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and currently the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in experimental and pre-clinical studies. However, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the effects of the adjuvants tested in coronavirus vaccines. This paper presents an overview of adjuvants that have been formulated in reported coronavirus vaccine studies, which should assist with the design and selection of adjuvants with optimal efficacy and safety profiles for COVID-19 vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.