ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Soluble Membrane Attack Complex: Biochemistry and Immunobiology.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-C2-mediated complement inhibition prevents disease in a rat passive transfer model of myasthenia gravis.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Article
- Seronegative Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy: An Overview for Optimal Clinical Management.Current rheumatology reports · 2026Review
- Complement factors C3 and C5 as tissue biomarkers for differentiating periprosthetic joint infection from aseptic implant failure.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal changes in serum soluble C5b-9 levels following immunomodulatory therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2026Article
- Complement Dysregulation in Kidney Diseases: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Targeted Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Establishment of a Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for sC5b-9 and Validation in Lupus Nephritis.Journal of fluorescence · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cells in Lung Diseases: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Strategies, and Future Directions.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Review
- Plasma complement proteins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in chronic kidney disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Research progress on the roles of complement in liver injury.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Association of C4d with disease activity in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: evidence for classical/lectin complement pathway activation.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Complement factor H targeting antibody GT103 in refractory non-small cell lung cancer: a phase 1b dose escalation trial.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Soluble Membrane Attack Complex (sMAC) as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker Differentiating Acute Viral Encephalitis from Guillain-Barré Syndrome, a Post-infectious Autoimmune State.Current microbiology · 2024Article
- Complement-mediated killing of Escherichia coli by mechanical destabilization of the cell envelope.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- Klebsiella LPS O1-antigen prevents complement-mediated killing by inhibiting C9 polymerization.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- C3 glomerulopathy: a kidney disease mediated by alternative pathway deregulation.Frontiers in nephrology · 2024Review
- Complement C7 and clusterin form a complex in circulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Differentiated pattern of complement system activation between MOG-IgG-associated disease and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Myeloid CellJournal of inflammation research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The soluble membrane attack complex (sMAC, a.k.a., sC5b-9 or TCC) is generated on activation of complement and contains the complement proteins C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9 together with the regulatory proteins clusterin and/or vitronectin. sMAC is a member of the MACPF/cholesterol-dependent-cytolysin superfamily of pore-forming molecules that insert into lipid bilayers and disrupt cellular integrity and function. sMAC is a unique complement activation macromolecule as it is comprised of several different subunits. To date no complement-mediated function has been identified for sMAC. sMAC is present in blood and other body fluids under homeostatic conditions and there is abundant evidence documenting changes in sMAC levels during infection, autoimmune disease and trauma. Despite decades of scientific interest in sMAC, the mechanisms regulating its formation in healthy individuals and its biological functions in both health and disease remain poorly understood. Here, we review the structural differences between sMAC and its membrane counterpart, MAC, and examine sMAC immunobiology with respect to its presence in body fluids in health and disease. Finally, we discuss the diagnostic potential of sMAC for diagnostic and prognostic applications and potential utility as a companion diagnostic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.