Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33240045›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2020

Increased Dopamine Type 2 Gene Expression in the Dorsal Striatum in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder Suggests Alterations in Indirect Pathway Signaling and Circuitry.

Cheryl Brandenburg, Jean-Jacques Soghomonian, Kunzhong Zhang, Ina Sulkaj, Brianna Randolph, Marissa Kachadoorian, Gene J Blatt

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Subcortical dopamine DEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Cheryl BrandenburgAutism Neurocircuitry Laboratory, Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Jean-Jacques SoghomonianDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
Kunzhong ZhangDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
Ina SulkajDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
Brianna RandolphDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
Marissa KachadoorianDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
Gene J BlattAutism Neurocircuitry Laboratory, Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Boston University · USHussman Institute for Autism · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is behaviorally defined and diagnosed by delayed and/or impeded language, stereotyped repetitive behaviors, and difficulties with social interactions. Additionally, there are disruptions in motor processing, which includes the intent to execute movements, interrupted/inhibited action chain sequences, impaired execution of speech, and repetitive motor behaviors. Cortical loops through basal ganglia (BG) structures are known to play critical roles in the typical functioning of these actions. Specifically, corticostriate projections to the dorsal striatum (caudate and putamen) convey abundant input from motor, cognitive and limbic cortices and subsequently project to other BG structures. Excitatory dopamine (DA) type 1 receptors are predominantly expressed on GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the dorsal striatum as part of the "direct pathway" to GPi and SNpr whereas inhibitory DA type 2 receptors are predominantly expressed on MSNs that primarily project to GPe. This study aimed to better understand how this circuitry may be altered in ASD, especially concerning the neurochemical modulation of GABAergic MSNs within the two major BG pathways. We utilized two classical methods to analyze the postmortem BG in ASD in comparison to neurotypical cases: ligand binding autoradiography to quantify densities of GABA-A, GABA-B, 5-HT

Indexed as

autism spectrum disorderbasal gangliadopamineGABAindirect pathwayrisperidone

Identifiers

PMID33240045
PMCPMC7681004
OpenAlexW3098098422

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.