ArticleRisk management and healthcare policy2020
Effect of Pandemic-Related Confinement on Vitamin D Status Among Children Aged 0-6 Years in Guangzhou, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Risk management and healthcare policy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D status in children with mild, moderate, or severe confirmed COVID-19: systematic-review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Serum Vitamin D Levels in People Under Age 18 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin D insufficiency is high in Malaysia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on vitamin D status in Malaysia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Pandemic-related changes in seasonal vitamin D disparities among preschool children: a community-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Monitoring changes in vitamin D levels during the COVID-19 pandemic with routinely-collected laboratory data.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Status in Children: Romania's National Vitamin D Screening Programme in Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Observational
- Vitamin D status in children with COVID-19: does it affect the development of long COVID and its symptoms?Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Variations in vitamin D status among Chinese children aged 1-6 years during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and trends of vitamin D deficiency in a Saudi Arabian population: a five-years retrospective study from 2017 to 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- COVID-19 in Children and Vitamin D.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Impact of home confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak on vitamin D levels and trends among children with pneumonia aged 1-35 months.Pediatric discovery · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Associated Restrictions on Vitamin D Status in a Large Cohort of Italian Children and Adolescents.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in Lebanon: 2016-2022, before and during the COVID-19 outbreak.Endocrine · 2023Article
- Vitamin D Supplementation During COVID-19 Lockdown and After 20 Months: Follow-Up Study on Slovenian Women Aged Between 44 and 66.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2023Article
- Decreased vitamin D levels in the pediatric population after COVID-19 lockdown.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Article
- Influence of Strict Lockdown on Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Women: A Word of Caution.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- How Vitamin D Levels of Children Changed During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Pre-pandemic and Pandemic PeriodsJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2022Article
- Impact of strict population confinement on fracture incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Experience from a public Health Care Department in Spain.Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePandemic-related confinement helps to contain the transmission of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) but restricts children's exposure to sunlight, thereby possibly affecting their 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. This study aimed to examine the effect of COVID-19 measures on 25(OH)D levels in children. PATIENTS AND
methodsThis study included children who underwent health checks between March 1 and June 30, 2020, and those over the equivalent period during 2017-2019 (N = 3600). Children's 25(OH)D levels and the proportion of children with vitamin D deficiency were compared between different observation periods.
resultsThe mean serum 25(OH)D level was 84 ± 25nmol/L. The overall proportion of children with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D level <50 nmol/L) was 4.6%. Home confinement led to an increase in the proportion of children aged 3-6 years with vitamin D deficiency during March 1-June 30, 2020 compared with the same months in previous years, and the most noticeable increase was found in March 2020. In children aged 3-6 years, 25(OH)D levels were lower in 2020 (65 ± 17nmol/L) than during 2017-2019, and the proportion of those with vitamin D deficiency was higher in 2020 (19.0%) than in previous years. Among children aged 0.5-1 and 1-3 years, 25(OH)D levels were higher (97 ± 25 nmol/L, 91 ± 27 nmol/L), while the proportion of children with vitamin D deficiency was lower in 2020 (2.3%, 3.0%) than during 2017-2019.
conclusionThe 25(OH)D levels tended to decrease gradually with increasing age. Reduced sunlight exposure during confinement is associated with lower 25(OH)D levels among children aged 3-6 years. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation for children aged >3 years is recommended.
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