Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33238930›Full record

Observational studyBMC ophthalmology2020

Functional acute acquired comitant esotropia: clinical characteristics and efficacy of single Botulinum toxin type A injection.

Luyao Tong, Xiaoning Yu, Xiajing Tang, Yidong Zhang, Sifan Zheng, Zhaohui Sun

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Risk factors and predictors for botulinum toxin type A reinjection within six months in patients with acute acquired concomitant esotropia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
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  12. Article
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  18. The Effect of Different Treatment Methods on Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropia.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022
    Article
  19. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Luyao TongEye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88#, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
Xiaoning YuEye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88#, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
Xiajing TangEye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88#, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
Yidong ZhangEye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88#, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
Sifan ZhengGKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, England.
Zhaohui SunEye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88#, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China. 2199010@zju.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (CN) No.81800869
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo examine the clinical features of acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a single injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) on binocular visual function (BVF).

methodsThis retrospective, observational case series study enrolled patients with AACE examined from October 2018-May 2019. BTXA was injected into the both medial rectus muscles. The refractive error, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), stereoacuity, vergence, accommodation, the horizontal angle of deviation, and the gradient accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio were measured pre- and post-BTXA injection. Data pre- and postinjection were compared by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to explore the relationships between demographic characteristics and BVF.

resultsTwenty-two AACE cases were included. Compared with preinjection deviation, the postinjection deviation in the primary position was smaller for near (p < 0.001) and distance (p < 0.001) fixation at 3 months after injection (BTXA). Furthermore, convergence was better for near (p = 0.003) and distance (p < 0.001) fixation, divergence was better for near (p = 0.021) and distance (p < 0.001) fixation, accommodation was better in the right (p = 0.011) and left (p = 0.004) eyes, and the gradient AC/A ratio was better at the third month after injection (p = 0.001). Stereoacuity was improved in 11 (50%), unchanged in 5 (22.73%) and decreased in 6 (27.27%) patients. The preinjection stereoacuity (p = 0.013, r = 0.522) and preinjection deviation for near (p = 0.015 r, = - 0.512) and distance (p = 0.009, r = - 0.541) were significantly associated with patient age.

conclusionsAACE is characterized by a high AC/A ratio and low accommodation. A single injection of BTXA is effective for AACE. Deviation, stereoacuity, and the therapeutic effect of BTXA may be correlated with patient age.

Indexed as

Botulinum Toxins, Type AEsotropiaHumansOculomotor MusclesRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeVision, BinocularBotulinum Toxins, Type AAcute acquired comitant esotropiaBinocular visual functionBotulinum toxin type a

Identifiers

PMID33238930
PMCPMC7689961

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.