ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Stability of African Swine Fever Virus in Soil and Options to Mitigate the Potential Transmission Risk.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed.
- African swine fever in the era of global expansion: Epidemiology, transmission dynamics, viral evolution, and One Health control strategies.Veterinary world · 2026Review
- African swine fever virus alters soil microbial biomass and biodiversity: Evidence from experimental soil systems.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Manure management during African swine fever outbreak: identifying gaps through a narrative review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Genetic connectivity and admixture zones shape the spread of African swine fever in wild Boar populations in North-western Italy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Microbial Aerosols in Livestock Farming Environment: A Threat That Cannot Be Ignored.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Insights and progress on epidemic characteristics, pathogenesis, and preventive measures of African swine fever virus: A review.Virulence · 2025Review
- Article
- Temperature and pH dynamics during carcass decomposition and implications for disease management.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Propagation and Sequencing of African Swine Fever Virus on Porcine-Derived Buffy Coat Fraction Cells.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Testing a Susceptible Population Density Among Other Explanatory Factors of African Swine Fever Spread in Wild Boar Using the Russian Federation Data, 2007-2023.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Mitigation Strategies for African Swine Fever Virus Biosecurity: From Virus Inactivation to Pig Health.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Review
- Assessing Environment Resistance of the Korean Wild Boar ASFV Isolates "Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Evaluation of β-Actin and Mitochondrial DNA Levels in Determining the Age ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- African swine fever in wild boar: investigating model assumptions and structure.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Biological Containment for African Swine Fever (ASF) Laboratories and Animal Facilities: The Italian Challenge in Bridging the Present Regulatory Gap and Enhancing Biosafety and Biosecurity Measures.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- The transmission routes of African swine fever during an outbreak in Serbia July-August 2023: African swine fever virus detections in environmental samples and insects.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- First Outbreak of African Swine Fever in Sweden: Local Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Eradication Strategies.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Wild boar carcasses in the center of boar activity: crucial risks of ASF transmission.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Wild boar (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- A rosin-functionalized plastic surface inactivates African swine fever virus.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding African swine fever virus (ASFV) transmission is essential for strategies to minimize virus spread during an outbreak. ASFV can survive for extended time periods in animal products, carcasses, and the environment. While the ASFV genome was found in environments around infected farms, data on the virus survival in soil are scarce. We investigated different soil matrices spiked with ASFV-positive blood from infected wild boar to see if ASFV can remain infectious in the soil beneath infected carcasses. As expected, ASFV genome detection was possible over the entire sampling period. Soil pH, structure, and ambient temperature played a role in the stability of infectious ASFV. Infectious ASFV was demonstrated in specimens originating from sterile sand for at least three weeks, from beach sand for up to two weeks, from yard soil for one week, and from swamp soil for three days. The virus was not recovered from two acidic forest soils. All risk mitigation experiments with citric acid or calcium hydroxide resulted in complete inactivation. In conclusion, the stability of infectious ASFV is very low in acidic forest soils but rather high in sandy soils. However, given the high variability, treatment of carcass collection points with disinfectants should be considered.
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