Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33238131›Full record

ArticleCell reports2020

Antibody Isotype Switching as a Mechanism to Counter HIV Neutralization Escape.

Cathrine Scheepers, Valerie Bekker, Colin Anthony, Simone I Richardson, Brent Oosthuysen, Thandeka Moyo, Prudence Kgagudi, Dale Kitchin, Molati Nonyane, Talita York and 11 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Deletions in variable region 1 of the HIV envelope accelerate V3-glycan bNAb induction in SHIV-infected rhesus macaques.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Cathrine ScheepersCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
Valerie BekkerCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa.
Colin AnthonyInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
Simone I RichardsonCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
Brent OosthuysenCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa.
Thandeka MoyoCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
Prudence KgagudiCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa.
Dale KitchinCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
Molati NonyaneCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa.
Talita YorkInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
Dieter MielkeInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
Batsirai M MabvakureCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
Zizhang ShengDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Brain Mind Behaviour Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Bronwen E LambsonCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
Arshad IsmailCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa.
Nigel J GarrettCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), KwaZulu-Natal 4013, South Africa.
Salim S Abdool KarimCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), KwaZulu-Natal 4013, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Lawrence ShapiroDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Brain Mind Behaviour Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Carolyn WilliamsonInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
Lynn MorrisCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), KwaZulu-Natal 4013, South Africa. Electronic address: lynnm@nicd.ac.za.
Penny L MooreCentre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), KwaZulu-Natal 4013, South Africa. Electronic address: pennym@nicd.ac.za.

Funding

The Viral Set Point in HIV-1 Subtype C InfectionU19AI051794 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL · PI ABDOOL KARIM, SALIM S · 2002 to 2007
$22.5M
TUBERCULOSIS SUPPLEMENTD43TW000231 · FIC · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI ABDOOL KARIM, QUARRAISHA · 1993 to 2014
$13.1M
Immunoglobulin gene diversity in an African population and impact on antibody function in HIV infectionU01AI136677 · NIAID · WITS HEALTH CONSORTIUM (PTY), LTD · PI MORRIS, LYNN · 2017 to 2021
$1.2M
CAPRISA HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies: Harnessing ontogeny for immunogen designU01AI116086 · NIAID · WITS HEALTH CONSORTIUM (PTY), LTD · PI KWONG, PETER D, MASCOLA, JOHN R · 2015 to 2019
$874k
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW000231NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI116086NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI136677NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI051794
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to highly variable viral pathogens show remarkable diversification during infection, resulting in an "arms race" between virus and host. Studies of nAb lineages have shown how somatic hypermutation (SHM) in immunoglobulin (Ig)-variable regions enables maturing antibodies to neutralize emerging viral escape variants. However, the Ig-constant region (which determines isotype) can also influence epitope recognition. Here, we use longitudinal deep sequencing of an HIV-directed nAb lineage, CAP88-CH06, and identify several co-circulating isotypes (IgG3, IgG1, IgA1, IgG2, and IgA2), some of which share identical variable regions. First, we show that IgG3 and IgA1 isotypes are better able to neutralize longitudinal autologous viruses and epitope mutants than can IgG1. Second, detrimental class-switch recombination (CSR) events that resulted in reduced neutralization can be rescued by further CSR, which we term "switch redemption." Thus, CSR represents an additional immunological mechanism to counter viral escape from HIV-specific antibody responses.

Indexed as

HIV-1HumansImmunoglobulin Class SwitchingNeutralization Testsadjuvantsantibody maturationclass-switch recombinationco-evolutionHIVisotypesneutralizationvaccine designviral escape

Identifiers

PMID33238131
PMCPMC7723817

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.