ArticleCell reports2020
A Two-Step Process of Effector Programming Governs CD4
Article in Cell reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recombinant Antibody Vaccines for Targeted Antigen Delivery: Design Principles and Immunological Applications.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Splicing-aware scRNA-Seq resolution reveals execution-ready programs in effector Tregs.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Epigenetic Regulation of CD8European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- High-dose intravenous BCG vaccination induces enhanced immune signaling in the airways.Science advances · 2025Article
- Article
- An intestinal TNature immunology · 2024Article
- Neurotrophic factor Neuritin modulates T cell electrical and metabolic state for the balance of tolerance and immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Emerging T cell immunoregulatory mechanisms in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Review
- Neuroprotective protein ADNP-dependent histone remodeling complex promotes T helper 2 immune cell differentiation.Immunity · 2023Article
- Activation, Amplification, and Ablation as Dynamic Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell Maturation.Biology · 2023Review
- Life and death of tolerogenic dendritic cells.Trends in immunology · 2023Review
- TNF-α sculpts a maturation process in vivo by pruning tolerogenic dendritic cells.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Variegated Outcomes of T Cell Activation by Dendritic Cells in the Steady State.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Review
- Applications of Antibody-Based Antigen Delivery Targeted to Dendritic Cells In Vivo.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- CXCR3 regulates stem and proliferative CD8+ T cells during chronic infection by promoting interactions with DCs in splenic bridging channels.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Nematode microRNAs can Individually Regulate Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 and mTOR in Differentiating T Helper 2 Lymphocytes and Modulate Cytokine Production in Macrophages.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Article
- The formation of pre-effectors in the steady state opens a new perspective for cancer immunosurveillance.Oncotarget · 2021Article
- Current and Future Immunotherapies for Multiple Sclerosis.Missouri medicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Various processes induce and maintain immune tolerance, but effector T cells still arise under minimal perturbations of homeostasis through unclear mechanisms. We report that, contrary to the model postulating primarily tolerogenic mechanisms initiated under homeostatic conditions, effector programming is an integral part of T cell fate determination induced by antigenic activation in the steady state. This effector programming depends on a two-step process starting with induction of effector precursors that express Hopx and are imprinted with multiple instructions for their subsequent terminal effector differentiation. Such molecular circuits advancing specific terminal effector differentiation upon re-stimulation include programmed expression of interferon-γ, whose production then promotes expression of T-bet in the precursors. We further show that effector programming coincides with regulatory conversion among T cells sharing the same antigen specificity. However, conventional type 2 dendritic cells (cDC2) and T cell functions of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) increase effector precursor induction while decreasing the proportion of T cells that can become peripheral Foxp3
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.