ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2020
Timing of Introduction of Complementary Foods - United States, 2016-2018.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Feeding Practices and Dietary Diversity in the First Year of Life: PreventADALL, a Scandinavian Randomized Controlled Trial and Birth Cohort Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Navigating Solid Food Introduction: A Qualitative Exploration of Caregivers' Beliefs, Readiness, and Influences on Infant Feeding Practices.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2026Article
- Prenatal intention to human milk feed in the native Hawaiian population: predictors of any human milk feeding from birth to six months postpartum.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- Trends and practices of weaning in infants across India: A comprehensive review.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Review
- [Knowledge on complementary foods of mothers with young children and their perception of convenience complementary foods].Korean journal of community nutrition · 2024Article
- Complementary food exposure and children's early understanding of food words: the approaching eating through language (APPEAL) study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Parental Decision-Making Around Introducing Complementary Foods: An Integrative Review.Journal of family nursing · 2023Review
- Infant Nutrition and Other Early Life Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity According to Disability Status.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Early introduction of complementary foods/drinks and milk feeding type in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC).Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- Retraction and Republication: Timing of Introduction of Complementary Foods - United States, 2016-2018.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2023Article
- African American mothers' perceptions of infant body size are prospectively associated with infant growth and BMI.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2023Article
- Expression of Concern: Timing of Introduction of Complementary Foods - United States, 2016-2018.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2023Article
- Developmental Contributions to Obesity: Nutritional Exposures in the First Thousand Days.Gastroenterology clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Investigating the Urinary Metabolome in the First Year of Life and Its Association with Later Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder or Non-Typical Neurodevelopment in the MARBLES Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Are Complementary Feeding Practices Aligned with Current Recommendations? A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Dietary and Complementary Feeding Practices of US Infants, 6 to 12 Months: A Narrative Review of the Federal Nutrition Monitoring Data.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2022Review
- Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days in the United States: A Federal Perspective.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Evolution of breastfeeding indicators and early introduction of foods in Latin American and Caribbean countries in the decades of 1990, 2000 and 2010.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2023-07-28Error in Data · Error in Methods · Error in Results and/or Conclusions · Retract and Replace · Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s) · · see https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6953a1.htm?s_cid=mm6953a1_w
- Expression of concern · 2023-06-30Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions · Error in Data · Updated to Retraction ·
- Expression of concern
- Republished as
- Retracted
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends introducing complementary foods (i.e., any solid or liquid other than breast milk or infant formula) to infants at approximately age 6 months (1). Although a consensus on ideal timing is lacking, most experts agree that introduction of complementary foods before age 4 months is too early because of infant gastrointestinal and motor immaturity (1,2). In addition, early introduction prevents exclusively breastfed infants from reaching the recommended 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding (1) and might be associated with increased risk for overweight and obesity (3). Nationally representative data on complementary feeding are limited; state-level estimates have been previously unavailable. CDC analyzed 2016-2018 data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) (N = 23,927) to describe timing of complementary feeding introduction and prevalence of early introduction of complementary foods before age 4 months (early introduction) among children aged 1-5 years. Prevalence of early introduction was 31.9% nationally and varied geographically and across sociodemographic and infant feeding characteristics. These estimates suggest that many infants are introduced to complementary foods before they are developmentally ready. Efforts by health care providers and others who might influence infant feeding practices could help decrease the number of infants who are introduced to complementary foods too early.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.