ArticleHandbook of experimental pharmacology2022
Brain Barriers and Multiple Sclerosis: Novel Treatment Approaches from a Brain Barriers Perspective.
Article in Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-Specific Differences in Amino Acids and Neurotransmitters in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Compared to Non-Neuroinflammatory Controls: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota modulates CNS barrier function in murine model for multiple sclerosis.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Comparative targeted lipidomics between serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients shows sex and age-specific differences of endocannabinoids and glucocorticoids.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
- Article
- The novel HS-mimetic, Tet-29, regulates immune cell trafficking across barriers of the CNS during inflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Modeling Brain Vasculature Immune Interactions In Vitro.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2023Review
- MCAM+ brain endothelial cells contribute to neuroinflammation by recruiting pathogenic CD4+ T lymphocytes.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- TME-targeted approaches of brain metastases and its clinical therapeutic evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Intrinsic blood-brain barrier dysfunction contributes to multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Central nervous system zoning: How brain barriers establish subdivisions for CNS immune privilege and immune surveillance.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Article
- Multiple sclerosis: Immunopathological heterogeneity and its implications.European journal of immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a prototypic organ specific autoimmune disease targeting the central nervous system (CNS). Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and enhanced immune cell infiltration into the CNS parenchyma are early hallmarks of CNS lesion formation. Therapeutic targeting of immune cell trafficking across the BBB has proven a successful therapy for the treatment of MS, but comes with side effects and is no longer effective once patients have entered the progressive phase of the disease. Beyond the endothelial BBB, epithelial and glial brain barriers establish compartments in the CNS that differ in their accessibility to the immune system. There is increasing evidence that brain barrier abnormalities persist during the progressive stages of MS. Here, we summarize the role of endothelial, epithelial, and glial brain barriers in maintaining CNS immune privilege and our current knowledge on how impairment of these barriers contributes to MS pathogenesis. We discuss how therapeutic stabilization of brain barriers integrity may improve the safety of current therapeutic regimes for treating MS. This may also allow for the development of entirely novel therapeutic approaches aiming to restore brain barriers integrity and thus CNS homeostasis, which may be specifically beneficial for the treatment of progressive MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.