ArticlePsychological research2021
Influence of the stimulus material on gender differences in a mental-rotation test.
Article in Psychological research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of motor expertise on gender difference in adolescents' object-based and egocentric mental rotation ability.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- A Behavioral and fNIRS Comparative Study of Gender and Task Differences in Mental Rotation Among Primary Students.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- No relationship between gender stereotypes and mental rotation in preschool girls.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- A computational account of conflict processing during mental imagery.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- The influence of the design of mental rotation trials on performance and possible differences between sexes: A theoretical review and experimental investigation.Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · 2024Review
- Gender stereotypes in preschoolers' mental rotation.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Protective effects of education on the cognitive decline in a mental rotation task using real models: a pilot study with middle and older aged adults.Psychological research · 2023Article
- Self-concept explains gender differences in mental rotation performance after stereotype activation.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Cubes or Pellets in Mental-Rotation Tests: Effects on Gender Differences and on the Performance in a Subsequent Math Test.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gender differences in mental-rotation tests with cube figures as rotational material are well examined and robust. Besides biological or socialization factors, task characteristics could partly be responsible for men's advantage in mental rotation. Therefore, we investigated in two studies the influence of different rotational materials on the gender differences in mental-rotation performance. In the first study, 134 undergraduate students (89 women, 45 men) participated using a mental-rotation test with either cube or pellet figures. Significant gender differences in favour of men but no interaction of gender and material were found. In the second study, 189 undergraduate students (110 women, 79 men) solved a mental-rotation test with either male or female-stereotyped objects. Significant gender differences appeared only when male-stereotyped objects were used as rotational material, but not for female-stereotyped material. A significant interaction of gender and material appeared. Hence, some rotational objects seem to have an influence on participants' mental-rotation performance and the gender differences in this task while others do not affect performances of women and men.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.