ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology2021
Sarcopenia in chronic liver disease: mechanisms and countermeasures.
Review in American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation on Muscle and Liver Functions Among the Middle-aged and Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of sarcopenia on the prognosis of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impaired liver-muscle lactate metabolism causes sarcopenia via lactic acidosis in skeletal muscle in mice.Science advances · 2026Article
- Observational
- Sarcopenia Predicts Mortality and Hepatic Encephalopathy After TIPS in Older Adults With Cirrhosis and Improves Prognostic Scores.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
- Systemic Drivers and Molecular Mechanisms of Sarcopenia in Aetiology-Specific End-Stage Liver Disease.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Observational
- Not just fat: muscle also matters in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).Hepatology international · 2026Article
- Emerging Therapeutic Perspectives in Obese Patients with MASLD Leading to Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Review
- Sarcopenia Is Associated with Altered Rocuronium Onset and Neuromuscular Blockade Kinetics in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Decoding the mechanistic basis of liver-muscle communication in health and disease.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal CT-Based Assessment of Muscle and Bone Changes After Liver Transplantation in Hepatitis B Patients with and Without Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- L-shaped association of skeletal muscle mass with all-cause mortality among US adults: a population-based cohort study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Burden of malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis: pathophysiology, assessment, and management.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Review
- [The value of the nutritional assessment index or score in prognostic evaluation for patients with liver cancer].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Temporal Degradation of Skeletal Muscle Quality on CT as a Prognostic Marker in Septic Shock.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia in Hospitalized Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Diagnostic Thresholds and Handgrip Strength Measurement Tools.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Muscle-Liver Immunometabolic Axis in Liver Transplantation: A Decisive Role in Outcomes and Mechanisms.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF A BUNDLE FOR ASSESSING GONADAL FUNCTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS.Arquivos de gastroenterologia · 2026Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a condition of low muscle mass, quality, and strength, is commonly found in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including reduction in quality of life, increased mortality, and posttransplant complications. In chronic liver disease (CLD), sarcopenia is most commonly defined through the measurement of the skeletal muscle index of the third lumbar spine. A major contributor to sarcopenia in CLD is the imbalance in muscle protein turnover, which likely occurs due to a decrease in muscle protein synthesis and an elevation in muscle protein breakdown. This imbalance is assumed to arise due to several factors including accelerated starvation, hyperammonemia, amino acid deprivation, chronic inflammation, excessive alcohol intake, and physical inactivity. In particular, hyperammonemia is a key mediator of the liver-gut axis and is known to contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and an increase in myostatin expression. Currently, the use of nutritional interventions such as late-evening snacks, branched-chain amino acid supplementation, and physical activity have been proposed to help the management and treatment of sarcopenia. However, little evidence exists to comprehensively support their use in clinical settings. Several new pharmacological strategies, including myostatin inhibition and the nutraceutical Urolithin A, have recently been proposed to treat age-related sarcopenia and may also be of use in CLD. This review highlights the potential molecular mechanisms contributing to sarcopenia in CLD alongside a discussion of existing and potential new treatment strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.