Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33236818›Full record

ArticleNMR in biomedicine2021

Contribution of macromolecules to brain

Cristina Cudalbu, Kevin L Behar, Pallab K Bhattacharyya, Wolfgang Bogner, Tamas Borbath, Robin A de Graaf, Rolf Gruetter, Anke Henning, Christoph Juchem, Roland Kreis and 18 more

Abstract readConsensus Statement
In one paragraph

Article in NMR in biomedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Review
  5. Article
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  9. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Clinical application ofFrontiers in neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  15. A data-driven algorithm to determineMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Simultaneous Concentration and TNMR in biomedicine · 2025
    Article

18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors.

Cristina CudalbuCenter for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-4582-2465
Kevin L BeharMagnetic Resonance Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1467-0446
Pallab K BhattacharyyaCleveland Clinic Foundation, Imaging Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Wolfgang BognerHigh Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-0130-3463
Tamas BorbathHigh-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3679-2380
Robin A de GraafDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6570-7010
Rolf GruetterLaboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Anke HenningHigh-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
Christoph JuchemDepartments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1505-201X
Roland KreisDepartments of Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8618-6875
Phil LeeDepartment of Radiology, Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
Hongxia LeiCenter for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-4065-9331
Małgorzata MarjańskaCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4727-2447
Ralf MekleCenter for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Saipavitra Murali-ManoharHigh-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4978-0736
Michal PovažanRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Veronika RackayováCenter for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.
Dunja SimicicCenter for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.
Johannes SlotboomUniversity Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-5121-9852
Brian J SoherCenter for Advanced MR Development, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Zenon StarčukCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Brno, Czech Republic.
Jana StarčukováCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Brno, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0003-0337-7893
Ivan TkáčCenter for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5054-0150
Stephen WilliamsDivision of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Martin WilsonCentre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Andrew Martin WrightHigh-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7182-7270
Lijing XinCenter for Biomedical Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland.
Vladimír MlynárikHigh Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-5789-8179

Funding

TR&D 4: Algorithms for functional and anatomical brain analysisP41EB015909 · NIBIB · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI VAN ZIJL, PETER CM · 2012 to 2020
$13.1M
TRD4 - Ultrahigh Field Engineering and SafetyP41EB027061 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Gregory John Metzger, KAMIL UGURBIL · 2019 to 2026
$11.7M
TRD 4: Platforms for multi-modal and multi-scale imaging dataP41EB031771 · NIBIB · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI Hanzhang Lu, Peter CM Van Zijl · 2021 to 2026
$9.9M
Institutional Center Cores for Advanced NeuroimagingP30NS076408 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI UGURBIL, KAMIL · 2012 to 2020
$4.2M
Validation of GABA MRS as a Biomarker of InhibitionR01MH109159 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BEHAR, KEVIN L, ROTHMAN, DOUGLAS LYLE · 2016 to 2019
$1.7M
Austrian Science Fund FWF P 30701NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB015909NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB027061NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB031771NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH109159NINDS NIH HHS P30 NS076408
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Proton MR spectra of the brain, especially those measured at short and intermediate echo times, contain signals from mobile macromolecules (MM). A description of the main MM is provided in this consensus paper. These broad peaks of MM underlie the narrower peaks of metabolites and often complicate their quantification but they also may have potential importance as biomarkers in specific diseases. Thus, separation of broad MM signals from low molecular weight metabolites enables accurate determination of metabolite concentrations and is of primary interest in many studies. Other studies attempt to understand the origin of the MM spectrum, to decompose it into individual spectral regions or peaks and to use the components of the MM spectrum as markers of various physiological or pathological conditions in biomedical research or clinical practice. The aim of this consensus paper is to provide an overview and some recommendations on how to handle the MM signals in different types of studies together with a list of open issues in the field, which are all summarized at the end of the paper.

Indexed as

Proton Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBrainHumansLipidsMacromolecular SubstancesMagnetic Resonance ImagingMetabolomeMiddle AgedModels, TheoreticalSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedYoung AdultLipidsMacromolecular Substancesbrain macromoleculesfittingmetabolite quantificationmobile lipidsparameterizationproton magnetic resonance spectroscopyquantificationspectral analysis

Identifiers

PMID33236818
PMCPMC10072289

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.