Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33236274›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2021

Factor Structure of Repetitive Behaviors Across Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Noah J Brierley, Christina G McDonnell, Kaitlyn M A Parks, Samantha E Schulz, Tyler C Dalal, Elizabeth Kelley, Evdokia Anagnostou, Robert Nicolson, Stelios Georgiades, Jennifer Crosbie and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Co-morbid tics and stereotypies: a systematic literature review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and keratoconus.Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie · 2026
    Article
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  8. Review
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  14. Transdiagnostic Patterns of Sensory Processing in Autism and ADHD.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024
    Article
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  16. Article
  17. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Noah J BrierleyDepartment of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada. nbrierle@uwo.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2939-8916
Christina G McDonnellDepartment of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Kaitlyn M A ParksDepartment of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Samantha E SchulzDepartment of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Tyler C DalalDepartment of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Elizabeth KelleyDepartment of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Evdokia AnagnostouHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Robert NicolsonDepartment of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Stelios GeorgiadesDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Jennifer CrosbieThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Russell SchacharThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Xudong LiuDepartment of Psychiatry, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Ryan A StevensonDepartment of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Western University · CAHospital for Sick Children · CAQueen's University · CAHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital · CAMcMaster University · CA

Funding

Canadian Foundation for Innovation John R. Evans Leaders Fund 37497Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada RGPIN-2017-04656Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada 435-2017-0936
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and commonly occur in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Little is known about how RRBs manifest in ADHD. We quantified and compared factor structures of RRBs in children with ASD (n = 634) or ADHD (n = 448), and related factors to sex and IQ. A four-factor solution emerged, including Stereotypy, Self-Injury, Compulsions, and Ritualistic/Sameness. Factor structures were equivalent across diagnoses, though symptoms were more severe in ASD. IQ negatively correlated with Stereotypy, Self-Injury, and Compulsions in ASD, and negatively correlated with Compulsions and Ritualistic/Sameness behaviors in ADHD. In ASD only, females exhibited higher Self-Injury. Thus, patterns of RRBs are preserved across ASD and ADHD, but severity and relationship with IQ differed.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAutism Spectrum DisorderChildFemaleHumansStereotyped BehaviorAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorderAutism spectrum disorderFactor analysisRestricted and repetitive behaviors

Identifiers

PMID33236274
OpenAlexW3107766238

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.