ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2020
Regorafenib combined with PD1 blockade increases CD8 T-cell infiltration by inducing CXCL10 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05048017 (Regorafenib Combined With PD-1 Inhibitor Therapy for Second-line Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 97 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Regorafenib Combined With PD-1 Inhibitor Therapy for Second-line Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single Arm, Nonrandomized, Single Center Clinical Study
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and safety of regorafenib/fruquintinib combined with PD-1/PD-L1 for metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis based on single-arm studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical research progress of fruquintinib in the treatment of malignant tumors.Investigational new drugs · 2024Pooled it
- Perioperative tislelizumab plus lenvatinib treatment for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma at high risk of recurrence: single-arm phase II trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- First-line regorafenib with nivolumab and chemotherapy in advanced oesophageal, gastric, or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer in the USA: a single-arm, single-centre, phase 2 trial.The Lancet. Oncology · 2023Trial
- Rechallenge with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Narrative Review.Liver cancer · 2026Review
- Anti-angiogenic therapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade mediates CCR7 + CD8 + T-cell entry into HCC through high endothelial venules.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2026Article
- Baseline Tumor Features and Systemic Immune Dynamics Underlying Efficacy in MSS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Regorafenib, Ipilimumab, and Nivolumab.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Liver Transplantation Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: What Do We Need to Know from Clinical and Immunological Perspective?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors: exploring immunomodulatory effects on various immune cell types in cancer.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- The Dual Role of IP-10/CXCL10 in Liver Injury: From Pathogenic Mediator to Clinical Biomarker and Therapeutic Target.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib with or without Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as Second-Line Treatment for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Arm-Level Synthesis of Real-World Comparative Cohorts.OncoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- SIRT Combined with Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy Achieves Sustained Complete Remission in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- Inhibiting B cells enhances the efficacy of STING agonism or immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Senescence‑associated IL‑33 secretion undermines sorafenib efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma via immune evasion.Oncology reports · 2025Article
- Combination immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: synergies among immune checkpoints, TKIs, and chemotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Transarterial chemoembolization combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and programmed death receptor-1 inhibitors for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Immunometabolic Targets in CD8Liver cancer · 2025Review
- Adjuvant HAIC combined with anlotinib and TQB2450 for resected high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2025Article
- The effect of transition timing of regorafenib on treatment outcomes in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a real-world study.Hepatology international · 2025Article
- Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens identify BCL family members as modulators of response to regorafenib in experimental glioma.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeCombining inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor and the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) pathway has shown efficacy in multiple cancers, but the disease-specific and agent-specific mechanisms of benefit remain unclear. We examined the efficacy and defined the mechanisms of benefit when combining regorafenib (a multikinase antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor) with PD1 blockade in murine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models. BASIC PROCEDURES: We used orthotopic models of HCC in mice with liver damage to test the effects of regorafenib-dosed orally at 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg daily-combined with anti-PD1 antibodies (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally thrice weekly). We evaluated the effects of therapy on tumor vasculature and immune microenvironment using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, RNA-sequencing, ELISA and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in mice and in tissue and blood samples from patients with cancer. MAIN
findingsRegorafenib/anti-PD1 combination therapy increased survival compared with regofarenib or anti-PD1 alone in a regorafenib dose-dependent manner. Combination therapy increased regorafenib uptake into the tumor tissues by normalizing the HCC vasculature and increasing CD8 T-cell infiltration and activation at an intermediate regorafenib dose. The efficacy of regorafenib/anti-PD1 therapy was compromised in mice lacking functional T cells ( PRINCIPAL
conclusionsJudicious regorafenib/anti-PD1 combination therapy can inhibit tumor growth and increase survival by normalizing tumor vasculature and increasing intratumoral CXCR3+CD8 T-cell infiltration through elevated CXCL10 expression in HCC cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.