Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33233463›Full record

ArticleBiomedicines2020

Three-Dimensional Biofabrication Models of Endometriosis and the Endometriotic Microenvironment.

Jillian R H Wendel, Xiyin Wang, Lester J Smith, Shannon M Hawkins

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomedicines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Exploring endometriosis through 3DMaterials today. Bio · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Endometriosis and the Hallmarks of Cancer.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026
    Review
  6. Toward Sex-Specific Biomaterials Innovation: A Perspective.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. The long road of drug development for endometriosis - Pains, gains, and hopes.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Jillian R H WendelDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6248-1087
Xiyin WangDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3642-9373
Lester J SmithDepartment of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Shannon M HawkinsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0727-3971
Indiana University School of MedicineIndiana University Health · US

Funding

Tumor BiologyP30CA125123 · NCI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI Michael M Ittmann · 2007 to 2026
$73.9M
Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences InstituteUL1TR001108 · NCATS · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI DENNE, SCOTT C., SHEKHAR, ANANTHA · 2013 to 2017
$23.3M
Regenova Bio 3D PrinterS10OD023595 · OD · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI SMITH, LESTER J. · 2017 to 2017
$450k
American Associations of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Foundation N/ACook Medical N/AIndiana University Simon Cancer Center Associate Pilot Funding Mechanism N/ANCATS NIH HHS ULITR001108NCI NIH HHS P30 CA125123NIH Office of the Director S10OD023595Rivkin Center for Ovarian Cancer N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Endometriosis occurs when endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterine cavity, leading to pelvic pain, infertility, and increased risk of ovarian cancer. The present study describes the optimization and characterization of cellular spheroids as building blocks for Kenzan scaffold-free method biofabrication and proof-of-concept models of endometriosis and the endometriotic microenvironment. The spheroid building blocks must be of a specific diameter (~500 μm), compact, round, and smooth to withstand Kenzan biofabrication. Under optimized spheroid conditions for biofabrication, the endometriotic epithelial-like cell line, 12Z, expressed high levels of estrogen-related genes and secreted high amounts of endometriotic inflammatory factors that were independent of TNFα stimulation. Heterotypic spheroids, composed of 12Z and T-HESC, an immortalized endometrial stromal cell line, self-assembled into a biologically relevant pattern, consisting of epithelial cells on the outside of the spheroids and stromal cells in the core. 12Z spheroids were biofabricated into large three-dimensional constructs alone, with HEYA8 spheroids, or as heterotypic spheroids with T-HESC. These three-dimensional biofabricated constructs containing multiple monotypic or heterotypic spheroids represent the first scaffold-free biofabricated in vitro models of endometriosis and the endometriotic microenvironment. These efficient and innovative models will allow us to study the complex interactions of multiple cell types within a biologically relevant microenvironment.

Indexed as

12ZbiofabricationendometriosisKenzanscaffold-freespheroid

Identifiers

PMID33233463
PMCPMC7700676
OpenAlexW3092333293

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.