Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33232971›Full record

ArticleRadiation protection dosimetry2020

Exposure To Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: An Overview.

Dan Baaken, Daniel Wollschläger, Theodoros Samaras, Joachim Schüz, Isabelle Deltour

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Radiation protection dosimetry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dan BaakenInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Section of Environment and Radiation, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
Daniel WollschlägerInstitute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraβe 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Theodoros SamarasSchool of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece.
Joachim SchüzInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Section of Environment and Radiation, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
Isabelle DeltourInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Section of Environment and Radiation, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To compare extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure in the general population in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with high-income countries (HIC), we carried out a systematic literature search resulting in 1483 potentially eligible articles; however, only 25 studies could be included in the qualitative synthesis. Studies showed large heterogeneity in design, exposure environment and exposure assessment. Exposure assessed by outdoor spot measurements ranged from 0.03 to 4μT. Average exposure by indoor spot measurements in homes ranged from 0.02 to 0.4μT. Proportions of homes exposed to a threshold of ≥0.3μT were many times higher in LMICs compared to HIC. Based on the limited data available, exposure to ELF-MF in LMICs appeared higher than in HIC, but a direct comparison is hampered by a lack of representative and systematic monitoring studies. Representative measurement studies on residential exposure to ELF-MF are needed in LMICs together with better standardisation in the reporting.

Identifiers

PMID33232971
PMCPMC7745074

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.