ArticleVeterinary ophthalmology2021
A modified silent substitution electroretinography protocol to separate photoreceptor subclass function in lightly sedated dogs.
Article in Veterinary ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current knowledge of intermittent photic stimulation for electroencephalography in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Review
- Cone-Driven, Geniculocortical Responses in Canine Models of Outer Retinal Disease.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Cone-driven, geniculo-cortical responses in canine models of outer retinal disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- PySilSub: An open-source Python toolbox for implementing the method of silent substitution in vision and nonvisual photoreception research.Journal of vision · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveA previously published study successfully isolated photoreceptor responses from canine rods, long/medium-wavelength (L/M) cones, and short-wavelength (S) cones using silent substitution electroretinography (ERG) performed under general anesthesia. We hypothesized that responses would be similar in dogs under sedation and that a curtailed protocol suitable for use in clinical patients could effectively isolate responses from all three photoreceptor subtypes. ANIMALS STUDIED: Three normal adult purpose-bred beagles (2 females and 1 male).
methodsDogs were dark-adapted for 1 hour. Sine wave color stimuli were delivered using LEDs in a Ganzfeld dome. The ERG protocol under anesthesia was performed as previously published; sedated ERG protocols were performed after a 3-day washout period. Intravenous sedation (dexmedetomidine 1.25 mcg/kg, butorphanol 0.1 mg/kg) was administered for sedation. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and linear regression.
resultsIn both anesthetized and sedated animals, rod-derived responses peaked at low frequency (4-12 Hz), L/M-cone responses peaked at high frequency (32-38 Hz), and S-cone responses peaked at low frequency (4-12 Hz). The frequencies eliciting maximal responses were similar in sedated and anesthetized protocols, although rod amplitudes were significantly higher in the sedated protocols compared with anesthetized (P < .001).
conclusionWe present a clinically applicable method to consistently isolate rod and cone subclass function in sedated dogs. This may allow detailed evaluation of photoreceptor function in clinical patients with rod or cone subclass deficits without the need for general anesthesia or protracted adaptation times.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.