ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2021
Bladder cancer stage and mortality: urban vs. rural residency.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06002269 (A Home-based Lifestyle Intervention for Optimizing Surgical Outcomes Among Urinary Bladder Cancer Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Home-based Lifestyle Intervention for Optimizing Surgical Outcomes Among Urinary Bladder Cancer Patients: the BOOST Study
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Rapid Systematic Review on the Experiences of Cancer Survivors Residing in Rural Areas during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- The prediction of cancer-specific mortality in T1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: comparison of logistic regression and artificial neural network: a SEER population-based study.International urology and nephrology · 2023Trial
- Rural-urban disparities in high‑risk non-muscle‑invasive bladder cancer: lessons from the Canadian Bladder Cancer Information System.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Evolving patterns of bladder cancer mortality in US adults: a two-decade analysis reveals persistent disparities despite overall progress (1999-2020).Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Association between County Health Rankings Factors and County-level Genitourinary Cancer Mortality.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in survival of patients with non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma.World journal of urology · 2025Article
- Risk factors for urinary retention after robot-assisted radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder diversion: a multicenter study.Journal of robotic surgery · 2024Article
- Impact of rural location on receipt of standard of care treatment and survival for locally advanced bladder cancer in Louisiana.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Physical Activity, Alcohol, and Cigarette Use in Urological Cancer Patients over Time since Diagnosis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impact of rural residence on the presentation, management and survival of patients with non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma.Investigative and clinical urology · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Analysis of Bladder Cancer-Specific Mortality Trends in the United States.Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Increased One-Year Mortality Among Elderly Patients After Radical Cystectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Retrospective, Observational Comparative Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveRelative to urban populations, rural patients may have more limited access to care, which may undermine timely bladder cancer (BCa) diagnosis and even survival.
methodsWe tested the effect of residency status (rural areas [RA < 2500 inhabitants] vs. urban clusters [UC ≥ 2500 inhabitants] vs. urbanized areas [UA, ≥50,000 inhabitants]) on BCa stage at presentation, as well as on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other cause mortality (OCM), according to the US Census Bureau definition. Multivariate competing risks regression (CRR) models were fitted after matching of RA or UC with UA in stage-stratified analyses.
resultsOf 222,330 patients, 3496 (1.6%) resided in RA, 25,462 (11.5%) in UC and 193,372 (87%) in UA. Age, tumor stage, radical cystectomy rates or chemotherapy use were comparable between RA, UC and UA (all p > 0.05). At 10 years, RA was associated with highest OCM followed by UC and UA (30.9% vs. 27.7% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.01). Similarly, CSM was also marginally higher in RA or UC vs. UA (20.0% vs. 20.1% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.01). In stage-stratified, fully matched CRR analyses, increased OCM and CSM only applied to stage T1 BCa patients.
conclusionWe did not observe meaningful differences in access to treatment or stage distribution, according to residency status. However, RA and to a lesser extent UC residency status, were associated with higher OCM and marginally higher CSM in T1N0M0 patients. This observation should be further validated or refuted in additional epidemiological investigations.
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