Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33230497›Full record

ReviewBMJ nutrition, prevention & health2020

Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19.

Philip C Calder

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in BMJ nutrition, prevention & health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 245 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
245citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
54.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

245 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 531 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. FermentedNutrients · 2022
    Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Observational
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Effects ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Targeting mitochondrial apoptosis in septic lung injury: protective potential of omega-3 fatty acids.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026
    Article

185 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Philip C CalderSchool of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6038-710X
University of Southampton · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The immune system protects the host from pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites). To deal with this array of threats, the immune system has evolved to include a myriad of specialised cell types, communicating molecules and functional responses. The immune system is always active, carrying out surveillance, but its activity is enhanced if an individual becomes infected. This heightened activity is accompanied by an increased rate of metabolism, requiring energy sources, substrates for biosynthesis and regulatory molecules, which are all ultimately derived from the diet. A number of vitamins (A, B

Indexed as

infectious diseasemalnutritionmicrobiomenutrient deficienciespulmonary disease

Identifiers

PMID33230497
PMCPMC7295866
OpenAlexW3028398368

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.