Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33230326›Full record

ArticleNature materials2021

Cellular extrusion bioprinting improves kidney organoid reproducibility and conformation.

Kynan T Lawlor, Jessica M Vanslambrouck, J William Higgins, Alison Chambon, Kristina Bishard, Derek Arndt, Pei Xuan Er, Sean B Wilson, Sara E Howden, Ker Sin Tan and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature materials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 212 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
212citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

212 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Article
  9. New developments and applications of human organoids.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026
    Review
  10. Cryopreservative Bioink Enables Direct Bioprinting of Adherent Cells.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
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  20. The transcription factor Tcf21 is necessary for adoption of cell fates byAmerican journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026
    Article

152 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Kynan T Lawlor *Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-5439
Jessica M Vanslambrouck *Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
J William Higgins *Organovo, San Diego, CA, USA.
Alison ChambonOrganovo, San Diego, CA, USA.
Kristina BishardOrganovo, San Diego, CA, USA.
Derek ArndtOrganovo, San Diego, CA, USA.
Pei Xuan ErMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Sean B WilsonMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Sara E HowdenMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Ker Sin TanMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Fanyi LiMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Lorna J HaleMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Benjamin ShepherdOrganovo, San Diego, CA, USA.
Stephen PentoneyOrganovo, San Diego, CA, USA.
Sharon C PresnellOrganovo, San Diego, CA, USA.
Alice E ChenOrganovo, San Diego, CA, USA.
Melissa H LittleMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. melissa.little@mcri.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0380-2263

Funding

Generating kidney organoids and mature renal cell types via directed iPSC differentiationUH3DK107344 · NIDDK · MURDOCH CHILDREN'S RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI LITTLE, MELISSA HELEN · 2017 to 2019
$1.0M
NIDDK NIH HHS UH3 DK107344
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to kidney organoids brings the prospect of drug screening, disease modelling and the generation of tissue for renal replacement. Currently, these applications are hampered by organoid variability, nephron immaturity, low throughput and limited scale. Here, we apply extrusion-based three-dimensional cellular bioprinting to deliver rapid and high-throughput generation of kidney organoids with highly reproducible cell number and viability. We demonstrate that manual organoid generation can be replaced by 6- or 96-well organoid bioprinting and evaluate the relative toxicity of aminoglycosides as a proof of concept for drug testing. In addition, three-dimensional bioprinting enables precise manipulation of biophysical properties, including organoid size, cell number and conformation, with modification of organoid conformation substantially increasing nephron yield per starting cell number. This facilitates the manufacture of uniformly patterned kidney tissue sheets with functional proximal tubular segments. Hence, automated extrusion-based bioprinting for kidney organoid production delivers improvements in throughput, quality control, scale and structure, facilitating in vitro and in vivo applications of stem cell-derived human kidney tissue.

Indexed as

BioprintingHumansKidney Tubules, ProximalOrganoidsPluripotent Stem Cells

Identifiers

PMID33230326
PMCPMC7855371

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.