ArticleNature human behaviour2021
Distinct regions of the striatum underlying effort, movement initiation and effort discounting.
Article in Nature human behaviour, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized proof-of-mechanism trial of TNF antagonism for motivational deficits and related corticostriatal circuitry in depressed patients with high inflammation.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Trial
- The Angiotensin Antagonist Losartan Modulates Social Reward Motivation and Punishment Sensitivity via Modulating Midbrain-Striato-Frontal Circuits.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Trial
- Motivation to exert effort dynamically adapts to reward context and environmental controllability.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- An emerging role for synaptic ZnPharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Shared and distinct features of common effort-based decision-making paradigms and their relation to brain structure and neuropsychiatric conditions: An integrated narrative review.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- A brain-wide, trial- and time-dependent deterministic drive synergizes with within-trial noise to time self-initiated actions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A behavioural and neurobiological assessment of effort-based decision-making in cannabis use disorder: An initial/preliminary investigation.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Fronto-motor circuits linked to effort-based decision-making and apathy in healthy subjects.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Weighing the predictive role of neural factors for adolescent anhedonia in the presence of demographic and clinical factors.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- Subcortical brain volumetric differences related to white matter lesion volume and cognition in healthy aging.npj aging · 2025Article
- A neurometabolic mechanism involving dmPFC/dACC lactate in physical effort-based decision-making.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Loss of effort in chronic low-back pain patients: Motivational anhedonia in chronic pain.PloS one · 2025Article
- Neurobiological foundations and clinical relevance of effort-based decision-making.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Review
- From movement to motivation: a proposed framework to understand the antidepressant effect of exercise.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Sex differences in the distribution and density of regulatory interneurons in the striatum.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Sex differences in the distribution and density of regulatory interneurons in the striatum.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Cortical lobar volume reductions associated with homocysteine-related subcortical brain atrophy and poorer cognition in healthy aging.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Amphetamines Improve the Motivation to Invest Effort in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Effortfulness of visual working memory: Gauged by physical exertion.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2023Article
- Learned industriousness as a translational mechanism in anorexia nervosa.Nature reviews psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The ventral striatum is believed to encode the subjective value of cost-benefit options; however, this effect has notably been absent during choices that involve physical effort. Previous work in freely moving animals has revealed opposing striatal signals, with greater response to increasing effort demands and reduced responses to rewards requiring effort. Yet, the relationship between these conflicting signals remains unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging with a naturalistic maze-navigation paradigm, we identified functionally segregated regions within the ventral striatum that separately encoded effort activation, movement initiation and effort discounting of rewards. In addition, activity in regions associated with effort activation and discounting oppositely predicted striatal encoding of effort during effort-based decision-making. Our results suggest that the dorsomedial region hitherto associated with action may instead represent the cost of effort and raise fundamental questions regarding the interpretation of striatal 'reward' signals in the context of effort demands. This has implications for uncovering the neural architecture underlying motivated behaviour.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.