ArticleScientific reports2020
Intrathecal kappa free light chains as markers for multiple sclerosis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Pooled it
- The Use of Kappa Free Light Chains to Diagnose Multiple Sclerosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Intrathecal immunoglobulin production in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- The Kappa Free Light Chains Index in Multiple Sclerosis: From Emerging Evidence to Clinical Application.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Positive cerebrospinal fluid in the 2024 McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis.EBioMedicine · 2025Review
- Serum Metabolomic Profiling in Possible Early-Stage Multiple Sclerosis: A TargetedJournal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Article
- Kappa free light chain concentration in serum is reduced after CD20-depletion with ocrelizumab.Neurological research and practice · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of Intrathecal Synthesis May Be Associated with Cognitive Impairment at MS Diagnosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Prognostic value of kappa free light chain index in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Inter-assay diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Kappa Free Light Chain Index Predicts Disease Course in Clinically and Radiologically Isolated Syndromes.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Emerging imaging and liquid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.European journal of immunology · 2023Review
- Absence of Oligoclonal Bands in Multiple Sclerosis: A Call for Differential Diagnosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Free Light ChainsInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: A consensus statement.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- Establishing the best combination of the kappa free light chain index and oligoclonal bands for an accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains as biomarker in multiple sclerosis-from diagnosis to prediction of disease activity.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2022Review
- [Usefulness of the kappa index in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and validation of reference values in the Community of Aragon].Revista de neurologia · 2022Observational
- Intrathecal B cell-related markers for an optimized biological investigation of multiple sclerosis patients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Diagnostic Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker in Early and Late Onset Multiple Sclerosis.Biomedicines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kappa free light chain (KFLC) index has been described as a reliable marker of intrathecal IgG synthesis to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS). Our aims were: (1) to compare the efficiency of KFLC through different interpretation approaches in diagnosing MS. (2) to evaluate the prognostic value of KFLC in radiologically and clinically isolated syndromes (RIS-CIS). We enrolled 133 MS patients and 240 with other neurological diseases (93 inflammatory including 18 RIS-CIS, 147 non-inflammatory). Albumin, lambda free light chain (LFLC) and KFLC were measured in the CSF and serum by nephelometry. We included two groups of markers: (a) corrected for blood-CSF barrier permeability: immunoglobulin G (IgG), KFLC and LFLC indexes. (b) CSF ratios (not including albumin and serum-correction): CSF KFLC/LFLC, CSF KFLC/IgG, CSF LFLC/IgG. KFLC were significantly higher in MS patients compared to those with other diseases (both inflammatory or not). KFLC index and CSF KFLC/IgG ratio showed high sensitivity (93% and 86.5%) and moderate specificity (85% and 88%) in diagnosing MS. RIS-CIS patients who converted to MS showed greater KFLC index and CSF KFLC/IgG. Despite OB are confirmed to be the gold-standard to detect intrathecal IgG synthesis, the KFLC confirmed their accuracy in MS diagnosis. A "kappa-oriented" response characterizes MS and has a prognostic impact in the RIS-CIS population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.