ArticleScientific reports2020
The identification of effective welfare indicators for laboratory-housed macaques using a Delphi consultation process.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating Behavioral Management Practices for Laboratory Nonhuman Primates: An International Survey.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- PsittaWel: A welfare assessment tool for companion parrots.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2026Article
- The Primate Welfare INdicators project (PWIN): For an objective and standardised welfare assessment of non-human primates used in research.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2026Article
- Selection of Animal Welfare Indicators for Primates in Rescue Centres Using the Delphi Method:Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Animal welfare definitions, frameworks, and assessment tools: Advancing the measurement and laying the foundation for improved animal welfare through a three-step approach.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2025Review
- Wildlife management and conservation in South Africa: informing legislative reform through expert consultation using the Policy Delphi methodology.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Using the Welfare Quality® framework to develop a welfare assessment protocol for captive chimpanzees (Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2025Review
- An E-Delphi study to facilitate animal welfare assessment in Italian zoos and aquaria.PloS one · 2025Article
- Novel Scent Enrichment Enhances Socio-Sexual and Olfactory Behaviors in Zoo-Housed Gentle Lemurs.American journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Development of a novel primate welfare assessment tool for research macaques.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2024Article
- Development and validation of a cynomolgus macaque grimace scale for acute pain assessment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Developing guidelines for pet rat housing through expert consultation.The Veterinary record · 2023Article
- Improving welfare assessment in aquaculture.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Challenges with Assessing and Treating Pain in Research Primates: A Focused Survey and Literature Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- The Promise of Behavioral Tracking Systems for Advancing Primate Animal Welfare.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Social housing status impacts rhesus monkeys' affective responding in classic threat processing tasks.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Harmonisation of welfare indicators for macaques and marmosets used or bred for research.F1000Research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the importance for both animal welfare and scientific integrity of effective welfare assessment in non-human primates, there has been little or no consensus as what should be assessed. A Delphi consultation process was undertaken to identify the animal- and environment-based measures of welfare for laboratory-housed macaques and to determine their relative importance in on-site welfare assessments. One-hundred fifteen potential indictors were identified through a comprehensive literature search, followed by a two-round iterative electronic survey process to collect expert opinion. Stable group response and consensus about the validity, reliability, and feasibility of the proposed indicators (67.5% agreement) was achieved by the completion of Round Two. A substantially higher proportion of environment-based measures (72%: n = 44/61) were considered as valid, reliable, and feasible compared to the animal-based measures (22%: n = 12/54). The indicators that ranked most highly for assessing welfare were the presence of self-harm behaviours and the provision of social enrichment. This study provides an empirical basis upon which these indicators can be validated and then integrated into assessment tools developed for macaques and emphasises the need to include both animal- and environment-based indicators for accurate welfare monitoring.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.