ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Layer and rhythm specificity for predictive routing.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers.
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Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 288 citations in OpenAlex.
- The neuroscience of transformers.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2026Article
- An event-related potentials account of brain predictive coding.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2026Review
- Frequency and laminar profile of feature-specific visual activity revealed by interleaved EEG-fMRI.eLife · 2026Article
- Human hippocampal ripples tune cortical responses based on predicted uncertainty.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neural tracking of prosodic and statistical rhythms jointly supports artificial language learning.iScience · 2026Article
- Neural mechanisms of time-forward predictions for naturalistic auditory tone sequences.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The primate claustrum as a hub for precision weighting of prediction errors across the cortical hierarchy.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Psychedelics relax predictive processing in the post-acute period by remodeling cortico-cortical feedback circuits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Similar Response Dynamics Represent Opposite Behaviors and Rewards in the Frontal Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Ontology-constrained multi-LLM scoring of hypothesis support in the predictive processing literature.Research square · 2026Article
- Differentiation of cortical areas: effects of free energy minimization with broken symmetry.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Categorization is 'baked' into the brain.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Predictive acoustical processing in human cortical layers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Olfactory bulb-cortex oscillations encode perceived odor intensity rather than concentration.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Alpha Oscillations Track the Projection of Reactivated Memories into Conscious Awareness.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- The representation of omitted sounds in the mouse auditory cortex.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Backward alpha band oscillations shape perceptual bias under probabilistic cues.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Optimal Inhibitory-to-Excitatory Ratio Governs Slow and Fast Oscillations for Enhanced Neural Communication.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Evaluating the compatibility of predictive coding as a model of linguistic predictability effects in reading.Frontiers in cognition · 2026Review
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In predictive coding, experience generates predictions that attenuate the feeding forward of predicted stimuli while passing forward unpredicted "errors." Different models have suggested distinct cortical layers, and rhythms implement predictive coding. We recorded spikes and local field potentials from laminar electrodes in five cortical areas (visual area 4 [V4], lateral intraparietal [LIP], posterior parietal area 7A, frontal eye field [FEF], and prefrontal cortex [PFC]) while monkeys performed a task that modulated visual stimulus predictability. During predictable blocks, there was enhanced alpha (8 to 14 Hz) or beta (15 to 30 Hz) power in all areas during stimulus processing and prestimulus beta (15 to 30 Hz) functional connectivity in deep layers of PFC to the other areas. Unpredictable stimuli were associated with increases in spiking and in gamma-band (40 to 90 Hz) power/connectivity that fed forward up the cortical hierarchy via superficial-layer cortex. Power and spiking modulation by predictability was stimulus specific. Alpha/beta power in LIP, FEF, and PFC inhibited spiking in deep layers of V4. Area 7A uniquely showed increases in high-beta (∼22 to 28 Hz) power/connectivity to unpredictable stimuli. These results motivate a conceptual model, predictive routing. It suggests that predictive coding may be implemented via lower-frequency alpha/beta rhythms that "prepare" pathways processing-predicted inputs by inhibiting feedforward gamma rhythms and associated spiking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.