Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33229539›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020

Cytocidal macrophages in symbiosis with CD4 and CD8 T cells cause acute diabetes following checkpoint blockade of PD-1 in NOD mice.

Hao Hu, Pavel N Zakharov, Orion J Peterson, Emil R Unanue

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  8. Tumor-embedded Immunity and TRM Cell Functions in Cancer.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Autoimmune CD4Immunity · 2024
    Article
  18. TGF-β-mediated crosstalk between TIGITNature communications · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. The immunology of type 1 diabetes.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hao HuDivision of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110.ORCID 0000-0003-3622-9897
Pavel N ZakharovDivision of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110.
Orion J PetersonDivision of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110.
Emil R UnanueDivision of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 unanue@wustl.edu.
Washington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

DIABETOGENIC MOLECULE I-AG7--CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGYR01DK058177 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI UNANUE, EMIL RAPHAEL · 2000 to 2020
$7.8M
AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES: EARLY EVENTS IN ISLETS OF LANGERHANSR01AI114551 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI UNANUE, EMIL RAPHAEL · 2015 to 2019
$2.1M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI114551NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK058177
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autoimmune diabetes is one of the complications resulting from checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in cancer patients, yet the underlying mechanisms for such an adverse effect are not well understood. Leveraging the diabetes-susceptible nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, we phenocopy the diabetes progression induced by programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 blockade and identify a cascade of highly interdependent cellular interactions involving diabetogenic CD4 and CD8 T cells and macrophages. We demonstrate that exhausted CD8 T cells are the major cells that respond to PD-1 blockade producing high levels of IFN-γ. Most importantly, the activated T cells lead to the recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages that become highly activated when responding to IFN-γ. These macrophages acquire cytocidal activity against β-cells via nitric oxide and induce autoimmune diabetes. Collectively, the data in this study reveal a critical role of macrophages in the PD-1 blockade-induced diabetogenesis, providing new insights for the understanding of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in cancer and infectious diseases.

Indexed as

SymbiosisAcute DiseaseAnimalsCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCell Line, TumorDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalFemaleImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsInsulin-Secreting CellsMacrophagesMice, Inbred NODProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptorautoimmune diabetesexhausted CD8 T cellsmonocyte-derived macrophagesPD-1 blockade

Identifiers

PMID33229539
PMCPMC7733808
OpenAlexW3109184888

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.