Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33229122›Full record

ArticlePsychiatry research2021

Risk factors for depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms in perinatal women during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Cindy H Liu, Carmina Erdei, Leena Mittal

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Psychiatry research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
121citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
30.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

121 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Observational
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Observational
  16. Article
  17. [Negative affectivity in new mothers during the COVID-19 lockdown].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2025
    Observational
  18. Article
  19. Structural Violence and Stress Experiences of Young Pregnant Black People.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Cindy H LiuDepartment of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: chliu@bwh.harvard.edu.
Carmina ErdeiDepartment of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Leena MittalDepartment of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Brigham and Women's Hospital · US

Funding

Maternal Psychosis and Stress as Risks for Offspring Behavioral ImpairmentK23MH107714 · NIMH · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI LIU, CINDY H · 2016 to 2020
$765k
NIH HHS K23 MH107714-01NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH107714
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPregnant women and women who recently gave birth are vulnerable to COVID-19-related psychosocial stresses.

methodsWe assessed COVID-19-related health worries and grief, and current mental health symptoms (depression, generalized anxiety, and PTSD) in 1,123 U.S. women during the COVID-19 pandemic (May 21 to August 17, 2020) through a cross-sectional study design.

resultsAmong our respondents, 36.4% reported clinically significant levels of depression, 22.7% for generalized anxiety, and 10.3% for PTSD. Women with pre-existing mental health diagnoses based on their self-reported history were 1.6-to-3.7 more likely to score at clinically significant levels of depression, generalized anxiety, and PTSD. Approximately 18% reported high levels of COVID-19-related health worries and were 2.6-to-4.2 times more likely to score above the clinical threshold for mental health symptoms. Approximately 9% reported high levels of grief and were 4.8-to-5.5 times more likely to score above the clinical threshold for mental health symptoms.

conclusionsPerinatal women with pre-existing mental health diagnoses show elevated symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although causation cannot be inferred, COVID-19-related health worries and grief experiences may increase the likelihood of mental health symptoms among those without pre-existing mental health concerns. Providers should develop strategies for addressing health-related worry and grief within their practice.

Indexed as

COVID-19AdultAnxiety DisordersCross-Sectional StudiesDepressive DisorderFemaleHumansPregnancyPregnancy ComplicationsRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2Stress Disorders, Post-TraumaticUnited StatespostpartumpregnancyStresswomen's healthworry

Identifiers

PMID33229122
PMCPMC7904099
OpenAlexW3094933498

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.