ArticleAuto- immunity highlights2020
Current laboratory and clinical practices in reporting and interpreting anti-nuclear antibody indirect immunofluorescence (ANA IIF) patterns: results of an international survey.
Article in Auto- immunity highlights, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in ANA Positivity Following SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Lombardy Region, Italy.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and clinical associations of anti-rods and rings antibodies in ANA-tested patients.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- First, paradigmatic case of AMA-negative primary biliary cholangiitis with rods and rings autoantibodies: report of future implications.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Exploration of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANAs): Unveiling Clinical Significance, Associations with Cancer, and the Nuances of Differential Diagnosis in Positive ANA Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Clinical Significance of Uncommon, Non-Clinical, and Novel Autoantibodies.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2024Review
- Retrospective evaluation of "Rods and Rings" pattern detected in the anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Discriminating between Homogeneous (AC-1) and Dense Fine Speckled (AC-2) Antinuclear Antibody Patterns: Re-Evaluation of Immunofluorescence Imaging.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- ANA-specific antibodies, ANA patterns, anti-ds-DNA results, and clinical diagnosis: a laboratory and clinical audit.Immunologic research · 2023Article
- The Prevalence and Clinical Relevance of the DFS Immunofluorescence Staining Pattern in a Large ANA-Positive Cohort.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- The clinical value of indirect immunofluorescence for screening anti-rods and rings antibodies: A retrospective study of two centers in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- How to report the antinuclear antibodies (anti-cell antibodies) test on HEp-2 cells: guidelines from the ICAP initiative.Immunologic research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 20 institutions in 16 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe International Consensus on Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Patterns (ICAP) has recently proposed nomenclature in order to harmonize ANA indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) pattern reporting. ICAP distinguishes competent-level from expert-level patterns. A survey was organized to evaluate reporting, familiarity, and considered clinical value of ANA IIF patterns.
methodsTwo surveys were distributed by European Autoimmunity Standardization Initiative (EASI) working groups, the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) and UK NEQAS to laboratory professionals and clinicians.
results438 laboratory professionals and 248 clinicians from 67 countries responded. Except for dense fine speckled (DFS), the nuclear competent patterns were reported by > 85% of the laboratories. Except for rods and rings, the cytoplasmic competent patterns were reported by > 72% of laboratories. Cytoplasmic IIF staining was considered ANA positive by 55% of clinicians and 62% of laboratory professionals, with geographical and expertise-related differences. Quantification of fluorescence intensity was considered clinically relevant for nuclear patterns, but less so for cytoplasmic and mitotic patterns. Combining IIF with specific extractable nuclear antigens (ENA)/dsDNA antibody testing was considered most informative. Of the nuclear competent patterns, the centromere and homogeneous pattern obtained the highest scores for clinical relevance and the DFS pattern the lowest. Of the cytoplasmic patterns, the reticular/mitochondria-like pattern obtained the highest scores for clinical relevance and the polar/Golgi-like and rods and rings patterns the lowest.
conclusionThis survey confirms that the major nuclear and cytoplasmic ANA IIF patterns are considered clinically important. There is no unanimity on classifying DFS, rods and rings and polar/Golgi-like as a competent pattern and on reporting cytoplasmic patterns as ANA IIF positive.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.