ReviewJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2020
Dexosomes as a cell-free vaccine for cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Combination of exosome vaccines, lenvatinib, and anti-PD-1 eradicates tumor in autochthonous hepatocellular carcinoma mice.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Recent progress of dendritic cell-derived exosomes in tumor immunotherapy.Investigational new drugs · 2026Review
- Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles: Promises and Pitfalls.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From bench to bedside: Unveiling the background and benefits of nanovaccines tested in clinics.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- In Situ Engineering of Tumor Cells as Self-Sustaining cDC1 Programming Factories for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide-adjuvanted liposomal vaccine potentiates tumor immunotherapy through lymph node-targeted modulation of the DC-T cell axis.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles in Emerging Cancer Vaccine Platforms.Small science · 2025Review
- Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes: Next Generation of Cancer Immunotherapy.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- New insights into extracellular vesicles in metastatic cancer: From mechanisms to diagnostics and targeted therapies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in cancer immunotherapy: Therapeutic, challenges and clinical progress.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Exosomes in cancer nanomedicine: biotechnological advancements and innovations.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Review
- Advances in the Functionalization of Vaccine Delivery Systems: Innovative Strategies and Translational Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Dendritic Cell Derived-Extracellular Vesicles Engineered to Express Interleukin-12 and Anti-CTLA-4 on Their Surface for Combinational Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Leveraging nature's nanocarriers: Translating insights from extracellular vesicles to biomimetic synthetic vesicles for biomedical applications.Science advances · 2025Review
- Tumor-derived exosomes as promising tools for cancer diagnosis and therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Molecular regulatory mechanisms and diagnostic potential of dendritic cell-derived exosomes in liver transplantation: from immune tolerance induction to translational challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic cancer vaccines in pancreatic cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Dendritic cell-derived exosomes induce monocyte antigen-presentation and immune amplification in neoantigen vaccine therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) secrete vast quantities of exosomes termed as dexosomes. Dexosomes are symmetric nanoscale heat-stable vesicles that consist of a lipid bilayer displaying a characteristic series of lipid and protein molecules. They include tetraspanins and all established proteins for presenting antigenic material such as the major histocompatibility complex class I/II (MHC I/II) and CD1a, b, c, d proteins and CD86 costimulatory molecule. Dexosomes contribute to antigen-specific cellular immune responses by incorporating the MHC proteins with antigen molecules and transferring the antigen-MHC complexes and other associated molecules to naïve DCs. A variety of ex vivo and in vivo studies demonstrated that antigen-loaded dexosomes were able to initiate potent antitumor immunity. Human dexosomes can be easily prepared using monocyte-derived DCs isolated by leukapheresis of peripheral blood and treated ex vivo by cytokines and other factors. The feasibility of implementing dexosomes as therapeutic antitumor vaccines has been verified in two phase I and one phase II clinical trials in malignant melanoma and non small cell lung carcinoma patients. These studies proved the safety of dexosome administration and showed that dexosome vaccines have the capacity to trigger both the adaptive (T lymphocytes) and the innate (natural killer cells) immune cell recalls. In the current review, we will focus on the perspective of utilizing dexosome vaccines in the context of cancer immunotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.