ArticleBMC public health2020
Assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene service availability in healthcare facilities in the greater Kampala metropolitan area, Uganda.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Application of the behaviour-centred design to understand facilitators and deterrents of hand hygiene among healthcare providers: findings from a formative phase of a cluster randomised trial in the Kampala Metropolitan area.BMC health services research · 2024Trial
- Categorization of household drinking water and sanitation service levels and associated determinants in Uganda.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Waterborne diseases burden, determinants and health system gaps in Eastern Uganda: a mixed-methods baseline study in the Busoga region.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with poor hand hygiene practices among adult carers of children under five in Mbale district Uganda.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Determinants of households' access to improved drinking water sources in Somalia: insights from the Somali Integrated Household Budget Survey (SIHBS) 2022.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Inadequate sanitation in healthcare facilities: A comprehensive evaluation of toilets in major hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh.PloS one · 2024Article
- COVID-19 unanticipated benefits to hand washing coverage and practices in health care facilities in central Uganda.African health sciences · 2023Article
- Access to and Use of Hand Hygiene Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Districts in Uganda, January-April 2021.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of active trachoma among 1-9 years of age children in Andabet district, northwest Ethiopia, 2023: A multi-level mixed-effect analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Equity in water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management services in healthcare facilities in Tanzania.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Article
- Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene and Infection Prevention and Control in Jordanian Hospitals in the Context of COVID-19: A National Assessment.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2022Article
- Impact of mhealth messages and environmental cues on hand hygiene practice among healthcare workers in the greater Kampala metropolitan area, Uganda: study protocol for a cluster randomized trial.BMC health services research · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundImproved Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Healthcare facilities (HCFs) is of significant public health importance. It is associated with a reduction in the transmission of healthcare acquired infections (HAIs), increased trust and uptake of healthcare services, cost saving from infections averted, increased efficiency and improved staff morale. Despite these benefits, there is limited evidence on availability of WASH services in HCFs in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA). This study assessed the availability and status of WASH services within HCFs in the GKMA in order to inform policy and WASH programming.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 60 HCFs. Availability of WASH services in the study HCFs was assessed using a validated WASH Conditions (WASHCon) tool comprising of structured interviews, HCF observations and microbial water quality analysis. Data were analysed using Stata 14 software and R software.
resultsOverall, 84.5% (49/58) and 12.1% (7/58) of HCFs had limited and basic WASH service respectively. About 48.3% (28/58) had limited water service, 84.5% (49/58) had limited sanitation service, 50.0% (29/58) had limited environmental cleanliness service, 56.9% (33/58) had limited hand hygiene service, and 51.7% (30/58) had limited waste management service. About 94.4% of public HCFs had limited WASH service compared to only 68.2% of private not for profit facilities. More health centre IIIs, 92.5% and health centre IVs (85.7%) had limited WASH service compared to hospitals (54.5%).
conclusionsOur findings indicate that provision of water, sanitation, hand hygiene, environmental cleanliness, and health care waste management services within HCFs is largely hindered by structural and performance limitations. In spite of these limitations, it is evident that environmental cleanliness and treatment of infectious waste can be attained with better oversight and dedicated personnel. Attaining universal WASH coverage in HCFs will require deliberate and strategic investments across the different domains.
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