Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33228055›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2020

Empirical Model of Radio Wave Propagation in the Presence of Vegetation inside Greenhouses Using Regularized Regressions.

Dora Cama-Pinto, Miguel Damas, Juan Antonio Holgado-Terriza, Francisco Manuel Arrabal-Campos, Francisco Gómez-Mula, Juan Antonio Martínez-Lao, Alejandro Cama-Pinto

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Dora Cama-PintoDepartment of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0726-196X
Miguel DamasDepartment of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2599-8076
Juan Antonio Holgado-TerrizaSoftware Engineering Department, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8031-1276
Francisco Manuel Arrabal-CamposDepartment Engineering, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada, Spain.
Francisco Gómez-MulaDepartment of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Juan Antonio Martínez-LaoDepartment Engineering, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120 La Cañada, Spain.
Alejandro Cama-PintoFaculty of Engineering, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 # 55-66, 080002 Atlantico, Colombia.ORCID 0000-0002-1364-7394
Universidad de Granada · ESUniversity of Almería · ESUniversity of the Coast · CO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spain is Europe's leading exporter of tomatoes harvested in greenhouses. The production of tomatoes should be kept and increased, supported by precision agriculture to meet food and commercial demand. The wireless sensor network (WSN) has demonstrated to be a tool to provide farmers with useful information on the state of their plantations due to its practical deployment. However, in order to measure its deployment within a crop, it is necessary to know the communication coverage of the nodes that make up the network. The multipath propagation of radio waves between the transceivers of the WSN nodes inside a greenhouse is degraded and attenuated by the intricate complex of stems, branches, leaf twigs, and fruits, all randomly oriented, that block the line of sight, consequently generating a signal power loss as the distance increases. Although the COST235 (European Cooperation in Science and Technology - COST), ITU-R (International Telecommunications Union-Radiocommunication Sector), FITU-R (Fitted ITU-R), and Weisbberger models provide an explanation of the radio wave propagation in the presence of vegetation in the 2.4 GHz ICM band, some significant discrepancies were found when they are applied to field tests with tomato greenhouses. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for determining an empirical model of radio wave attenuation for vegetation in the 2.4 GHz band, which includes the vegetation height as a parameter in addition to the distance between transceivers of WNS nodes. The empirical attenuation model was obtained applying regularized regressions with a multiparametric equation using experimental signal RSSI measurements achieved by our own RSSI measurement system for our field tests in four plantations. The evaluation parameters gave 0.948 for R2, 0.946 for R2 Adj considering 5th grade polynomial (20 parameters), and 0.942 for R2, and 0.940 for R2 Adj when a reduction of parameters was applied using the cross validation (15 parameters). These results verify the rationality and reliability of the empirical model. Finally, the model was validated considering experimental data from other plantations, reaching similar results to our proposed model.

Indexed as

Radio WavesTelecommunicationsAgricultureComputer Communication NetworksReproducibility of ResultsSolanum lycopersicumSpainCOST235FITU-RITU-Rprecision agriculturepropagation modelregularized regressionsWeisbberger modelwireless propagation model

Identifiers

PMID33228055
PMCPMC7699412
OpenAlexW3098178572

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.