ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Cardiac Autonomic Responses: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of E-cigarette and tobacco use on heart rate variability: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Characterization of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in acute Schizophrenia: a cluster analysis of heart rate variability parameters.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Relationship between dust allergen sensitization and cardiac autonomic function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Chronic respiratory diseaseArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been suggested that some of the adverse, long-term cardiovascular outcomes of smoking are mediated by impaired autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Yet, this association is currently inconclusive. Heart rate variability (HRV) and the deep breathing test (DBT) represent common quantitative markers of ANS activity due to their simplicity and reliability. This large cross-sectional study was designed to assess the effect of active smoking on ANS function as manifested by HRV or DBT abnormalities. Electrocardiograms were recorded at rest for 5 min and during forced metronomic breathing. HRV and DBT were calculated according to accepted standards. Participants were divided into two groups based on current smoking status. The study included 242 healthy volunteers (196 nonsmokers and 46 smokers). There were no significant differences in age, sex, and BMI between groups. Cumulative smoking exposure burden (CSEB) for the study group was 5.3 ± 1.3 pack-years. Comparative analysis of HRV and DBT parameters according to smoking status revealed no significant differences between groups. Significant (
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