ReviewBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie2021
Prevention and treatment of COVID-19: Focus on interferons, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and vaccine.
Review in Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug Repurposing in Oncology: A Strategic Pathway to Unlocking New Therapeutic Potential.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence Approach in Machine Learning-Based Modeling and Networking of the Coronavirus Pathogenesis Pathway.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Silk Sericin and Its Composite Materials with Antibacterial Properties to Enhance Wound Healing: A Review.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- ATG4B antagonizes antiviral immunity by GABARAP-directed autophagic degradation of TBK1.Autophagy · 2023Article
- Engineering homologous platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich plasma-derived exosomes, and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes-based dual-crosslinked hydrogels as bioactive diabetic wound dressings.Bioactive materials · 2023Article
- Persistent Exhausted T-Cell Immunity after Severe COVID-19: 6-Month Evaluation in a Prospective Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Broad-Spectrum Antivirals Derived from Natural Products.Viruses · 2023Review
- Association of Interferon Lambda 3 and 4 Gene SNPs and Their Expression with COVID-19 Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Drugs for COVID-19: An Update.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Current Treatments for COVID-19: Application of Supercritical Fluids in the Manufacturing of Oral and Pulmonary Formulations.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Effect of Administration of Azithromycin and/or Probiotic Bacteria on Bones of Estrogen-Deficient Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Oral Antiseptic Spray Containing Phthalocyanine Solution Reduced Saliva SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load: Case Series.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2022Article
- Molecular signaling pathways, pathophysiological features in various organs, and treatment strategies in SARS-CoV2 infection.Acta histochemica · 2022Review
- Potential of Microneedle Systems for COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Trends and Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Plasma proteomic and metabolomic characterization of COVID-19 survivors 6 months after discharge.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Drug Repurposing: A Network-Based Framework for Exploring Biomedical Literature and Clinical Trials for Possible Treatments.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- A Peek into Pandora's Box: COVID-19 and Neurodegeneration.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Editorial: Neurological Disorders and COVID-19: Interconnections, Molecular Links, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Development and Validation of a Novel Diagnostic Model for Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Ferroptosis-Related Genes.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has drawn the attention of researchers and clinicians from several disciplines and sectors who are trying to find durable solutions both at preventive and treatment levels. To date, there is no approved effective treatment or vaccine available to control the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The preliminary in vitro studies on viral infection models showed potential antiviral activities of type I and III interferons (IFNs), chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and azithromycin (AZM); however, the clinical studies on COVID-19 patients treated with CQ/HCQ and AZM led to controversies in different regions due to their adverse side effects, as well as their combined treatment could prolong the QT interval. Interestingly, the treatment with type I IFNs showed encouraging results. Moreover, the different preliminary reports of COVID-19 candidate vaccines showcase promising results by inducing the production of a high level of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and specific T cell-mediated immune response in almost all participants. The present review aims to summarize and analyze the recent progress evidence concerning the use of IFNs, CQ/HCQ, and AZM for the treatment of COVID-19. The available data on immunization options to prevent the COVID-19 are also analyzed with the aim to present the promising options which could be investigated in future for sustainable control of the pandemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.