ArticleGastroenterology2021
Fusobacteriumnucleatum Adheres to Clostridioides difficile via the RadD Adhesin to Enhance Biofilm Formation in Intestinal Mucus.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of adhesins ofGut microbes · 2026Review
- Review
- Impact of alcohol on gut microbial metabolism and the gut-liver-brain axis.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Ecological and dietary strategies to constrain Clostridioides difficile.Cell host & microbe · 2026Review
- Gut Bacteria: A Beneficial Symbiosis or a Hidden Threat? Investigating the Dual Role of Bacteria in Gastrointestinal Diseases.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Nicotinamide attenuates the virulence of colorectal cancer-associatedInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- RadD fromeLife · 2026Article
- The human microbiome at translational crossroads: an ecological and causal perspective.Singapore medical journal · 2026Review
- Pathogenic Roles ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Saffron Alters Microbial Amino Acid Metabolism and Neurotransmitter Production in a Defined Gut Consortium.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Fusobacterium nucleatum: ecology, pathogenesis and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Cross-feeding interactions betweenmSystems · 2026Article
- Mucosa-associated bacteria and metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease: from inside to insight.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Article
- Deoxycholate induces proline provision from Escherichia coli to enhance Clostridioides difficile virulence.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Oral microbiota-driven immune modulation along the oral-gut axis: from local signals to systemic inflammation.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Measuring C. difficile Adhesion to Mucosal Surfaces.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Reprogramming of pathogenic strategies inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Microbial mechanisms and therapeutic interventions in the periodontitis-inflammatory bowel disease axis: a comprehensive review.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- An In Vitro Model for Studying Interactions Between Gastrointestinal Microbes and Planktonic and Sessile Clostridioides difficile Populations.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsAlthough Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is known to involve the disruption of the gut microbiota, little is understood regarding how mucus-associated microbes interact with C difficile. We hypothesized that select mucus-associated bacteria would promote C difficile colonization and biofilm formation.
methodsTo create a model of the human intestinal mucus layer and gut microbiota, we used bioreactors inoculated with healthy human feces, treated with clindamycin and infected with C difficile with the addition of human MUC2-coated coverslips.
resultsC difficile was found to colonize and form biofilms on MUC2-coated coverslips, and 16S rRNA sequencing showed a unique biofilm profile with substantial cocolonization with Fusobacterium species. Consistent with our bioreactor data, publicly available data sets and patient stool samples showed that a subset of patients with C difficile infection harbored high levels of Fusobacterium species. We observed colocalization of C difficile and F nucleatum in an aggregation assay using adult patients and stool of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease and in tissue sections of patients with CDI. C difficile strains were found to coaggregate with F nucleatum subspecies in vitro; an effect that was inhibited by blocking or mutating the adhesin RadD on Fusobacterium and removal of flagella on C difficile. Aggregation was shown to be unique between F nucleatum and C difficile, because other gut commensals did not aggregate with C difficile. Addition of F nucleatum also enhanced C difficile biofilm formation and extracellular polysaccharide production.
conclusionsCollectively, these data show a unique interaction of between pathogenic C difficile and F nucleatum in the intestinal mucus layer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.