SynthesisAnnals of internal medicine2021
Are Financial Payments From the Pharmaceutical Industry Associated With Physician Prescribing? : A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Annals of internal medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interactions with the pharmaceutical industry and the practice, knowledge and beliefs of medical oncologists and clinical haematologists: a systematic review.British journal of cancer · 2022Pooled it
- Doctors taking bribes from pharmaceutical companies is common and not substantially reduced by an educational intervention: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial in Pakistan.BMJ global health · 2025Trial
- Money, Meals, and Marketing in Medicine: A 13-Year Follow-Up Survey of Physicians.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Trends in Industry-Sponsored Research Payments to Otolaryngologist Principal Investigators.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Performance of large language models in ambiguous treatment scenarios of early breast cancer.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Article
- Medical Device Industry Payments to Healthcare Professionals in Japan: A Descriptive Analysis of Scale, Distribution, and Transparency Based on 2019 Disclosure Data.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Food industry's interactions with nutrition professionals in Australia: a survey.Public health nutrition · 2026Article
- Medical Device Industry Payments and Utilization of Corresponding Devices.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Financial Relationships Between Research Sponsors and Funded Investigators in the US.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Surgical society committee members disclosure of conflict of interest: show me the money.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Industry promotion of oncology drugs with accelerated approval that failed confirmatory trials.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- From class consciousness to class suicide: considering community integration as a primary care ethic.Family medicine and community health · 2026Article
- Associations between pharmaceutical industry interactions with physicians and chronic nonmalignant pain management prescribing practices: a systematic review.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Review
- Receipt of Industry Payments and Surgeons' Adoption of Robotic-Assisted Surgery.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Design Principles for Interactive Dashboards in Drug Safety Surveillance: Design Science Research.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- How often do oncologists receive industry payments from competing companies?The oncologist · 2026Article
- Distribution of industry-sponsored research payments to US physician principal investigators.PloS one · 2026Observational
- Mechanisms Considering Public Investment in Pricing and Reimbursement Decisions of Medicines and Other Health Technologies: A Scoping Review.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Article
- Reforming the white coat economy: judicial evidence and institutional implications from China's healthcare anti-corruption campaign.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Relationship between industry payments to physicians and prescription patterns for PCSK9is, ARNis and DOACs: A report from the NCDR PINNACLE registry.American heart journal · 2026Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFinancial payments from the drug industry to U.S. physicians are common. Payments may influence physicians' clinical decision making and drug prescribing. PURPOSE: To evaluate whether receipt of payments from the drug industry is associated with physician prescribing practices. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EconLit were searched without language restrictions. The search had no limiting start date and concluded on 16 September 2020. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that estimated the association between receipt of industry payments (exposure) and prescribing (outcome). DATA EXTRACTION: Pairs of reviewers extracted the primary analysis or analyses from each study and evaluated risk of bias (ROB). DATA SYNTHESIS: Thirty-six studies comprising 101 analyses were included. Most studies ( LIMITATION: The design was observational, 21 of 36 studies had serious ROB, and publication bias was possible.
conclusionThe association between industry payments and physician prescribing was consistent across all studies that have evaluated this association. Findings regarding a temporal association and dose-response suggest a causal relationship. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Cancer Institute.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.