Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33226538›Full record

ArticleDocumenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology2021

Continuous wavelet transform analysis of ERG in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Hamid Ahmadieh, Soroor Behbahani, Sare Safi

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In one paragraph

Article in Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. A practical introduction to wavelet analysis in electroretinography.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Hamid AhmadiehOphthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Soroor BehbahaniDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Sor.behbahani@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-5122-2151
Sare SafiOphthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences · IRIslamic Azad University South Tehran Branch · IR

Funding

Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 1399.011
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is a stage of the disease that contains morphological and functional disruption of the retinal vasculature and dysfunction of retinal neurons. This study aimed to compare time and time-frequency-domain analysis in the evaluation of electroretinograms (ERGs) in subjects with NPDR.

methodThe ERG responses were recorded in 16 eyes from 12 patients with NPDR and 24 eyes from 12 healthy subjects as the control group. The implicit time, amplitude, and time-frequency-domain parameters of photopic and scotopic ERGs were analyzed.

resultsThe implicit times of b-waves in the dark-adapted 10.0 (P = 0.0513) and light-adapted 3.0 (P = 0.0414) were significantly increased in the NPDR group. The amplitudes of a- and b-wave showed a significantly decreased dark-adapted 10.0 (P = 0.0212; P = 0.0133) and light-adapted 3.0 (P = 0.0517; P = 0.0021) ERG of the NPDR group. The Cohen's d effect size had higher values in the amplitude of dark-adapted 10.0 b-wave (|d|= 1.8058) and amplitude of light-adapted 3.0 b-wave (|d|= 1.9662). The CWT results showed that the frequency ranges of the dominant components in dark-adapted 10.0 and light-adapted 3.0 ERG were decreased in the NPDR group compared to the healthy group (P < 0.05). The times associated with the NDPR group's dominant components were increased compared to normal eyes in both dark-adapted 10.0 and light-adapted 3.0 ERG (P < 0.05). All Cohen's d effect sizes of the implicit times and dominant frequency components were on a large scale (|d|> 1).

conclusionThese findings suggest that the time and time-frequency parameters of both photopic and scotopic ERGs can be good indicators for DR. However, time-frequency-domain analysis could present more information might be helpful in the assessment of the DR severity.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusDiabetic RetinopathyElectroretinographyHumansPhotic StimulationRetinal VesselsWavelet AnalysisContinuous wavelet transformDiabetic retinopathyDominant frequencyElectroretinogram

Identifiers

PMID33226538
OpenAlexW3109629235

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.