SynthesisDepression and anxiety2021
The effectiveness of Internet-delivered treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Depression and anxiety, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluating an App-Based Treatment for Migraine: The Health enSuite Migraine Study
A Novel Blood Test as a Differential Diagnosis and Drug Efficacy Biomarker in Mental Health
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of digital psychological and psychoeducational interventions to prevent anxiety: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A meta-analysis on the efficacy of low-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy for generalised anxiety disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- The effectiveness of Internet-delivered treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Depression and anxiety · 2021Pooled it
- Cerina-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Mobile App for Managing Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms Among University Students: Results From a Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Trial
- Effect of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based AI Chatbot on Depression and Loneliness in Chinese University Students: Randomized Controlled Trial With Financial Stress Moderation.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Trial
- Young People's Experiences Using a Digital Mental Health Tool to Support Their Care in a Real-World Service: Lived Experience-Led Qualitative Study.JMIR mental health · 2025Trial
- Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy versus treatment as usual for anxiety and depression among Latin American university students: A randomized clinical trial.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Guided internet-based treatment for anxiety and depression in Norwegian primary care: a randomized non-inferiority effectiveness trial.Internet interventions · 2026Article
- Pragmatic clinical trial of two bilingual therapist-guided transdiagnostic iCBT programs for anxiety and depression in outpatient clinics in Canada.Internet interventions · 2025Article
- Engagement With an Internet-Administered, Guided, Low-Intensity Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Parents of Children Treated for Cancer: Analysis of Log-Data From the ENGAGE Feasibility Trial.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Outcomes of Providing Children Aged 7-12 Years With Access to Evidence-Based Anxiety Treatment Via a Standalone Digital Intervention Using Immersive Gaming Technology: Real-World Evaluation.JMIR mental health · 2024Article
- Evaluation of an online-based self-help program for patients with generalized anxiety disorder - A randomized controlled trial.Internet interventions · 2024Article
- An internet-based behavioral intervention for adults with autism spectrum disorder - A randomized controlled trial and feasibility study.Internet interventions · 2023Article
- Observational
- Evaluation of a Web-Based Self-Help Intervention for Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Altered Functional Brain Network Structure between Patients with High and Low Generalized Anxiety Disorder.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Deep learning for the prediction of clinical outcomes in internet-delivered CBT for depression and anxiety.PloS one · 2023Article
- Text Topics and Treatment Response in Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Text Mining Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Article
- Psychotherapeutic treatments for generalized anxiety disorder: cognitive and behavioral therapies, enhancement strategies, and emerging efforts.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent, chronic disorder associated with impaired quality of life, societal burden, and poor treatment rates. Internet-delivered interventions may improve the accessibility of treatments and are increasingly being used. This study aimed to update a previous meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of available Internet-delivered interventions in treating symptoms of GAD.
methodSystematic literature searches were conducted (through April 2020) using Embase, PubMed, PsychINFO, and Cochrane to find randomized controlled trials of Internet-delivered interventions for GAD. Risk of bias was evaluated, and Hedge's g was calculated at posttreatment and follow-up.
resultsTwenty studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Random-effect models detected large effect sizes for primary outcomes of anxiety (g = 0.79) and worry (g = 0.75), favoring treatment. Effect sizes for depression, functional impairment, and quality of life were moderate to large. Maintenance of effects at follow-up seems likely.
conclusionsResults support the effectiveness of Internet-delivered treatments for GAD. Considerable heterogeneity between studies appeared moderated by variability in the interventions themselves, highlighting the importance of further investigation into the characteristics that may optimize treatment outcomes. Overall, Internet-delivery appears to be a viable mode of treatment for GAD with potential to relieve existing gaps in the provision of treatment.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.