ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2021
Incident Type 2 Diabetes Duration and Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study in Two US Cohorts.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- A burden of proof study of the effects of exposure to high fasting plasma glucose on the risk of seven types of cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Diabetes and gastric cancer incidence and mortality in the Asia Cohort Consortium: A pooled analysis of more than a half million participants.Journal of diabetes · 2024Pooled it
- Breast cancer risk for women with diabetes and the impact of metformin: A meta-analysis.Cancer medicine · 2023 · on this mapPooled it
- Survival outcomes in endometrial cancer patients according to diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2022Pooled it
- The Association between the Risk of Esophageal Cancer and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome, Healthy Lifestyles, and Risk of Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- A narrative review of what cohorts have taught us and how they have laid the foundation for much of our understanding of type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Early glycaemic exposure and cancer risk in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Defining Age to Screen and Real-World Effectiveness for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Accelerometry-measured prolonged and interrupted sedentary behavior and cancer incidence and mortality: A cohort study of 91,292 UK Biobank participants.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Type 2 diabetes and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma: a pooled analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- AI-assisted clinico-quantitative imaging nomogram for preoperative malignancy risk in solid and part-solid pulmonary nodules ≤ 3 cm: development and internal validation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- METTL3-IGF2BP3 as a glucose sensor in hyperglycemic microenvironment promotes tumorigenesis and glycolysis.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Shared genetics of lung cancer and type 2 diabetes: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- The Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Older Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Population-Based Study Using the SEER-Medicare Database.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Comparative metabolomics of acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitors in pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L.Botanical studies · 2025Article
- Younger-onset type 2 diabetes associated with increased long-term cancer risk in Chinese adults: A 30-year follow-up of the Da Qing Diabetes Study.BJC reports · 2025Article
- Mortality Outcomes in People with Lung Cancer with and without Type2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study in England.Clinical epidemiology · 2025Article
- Diabetes and tumor risk: a 23-year Danish national cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Glycemic control and cancer outcomes in oncologic patients with diabetes: an Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) multidisciplinary critical view.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) duration on cancer incidence remains poorly understood.
methodsWe prospectively followed for cancer incidence 113 429 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1978-2014) and 45 604 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1988-2014) who were free of diabetes and cancer at baseline. Cancer incidences were ascertained by review of medical records.
resultsIn the multivariable-adjusted model incident, T2D was associated with higher risk of cancers in the colorectum, lung, pancreas, esophagus, liver, thyroid, breast, and endometrium. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) ranged from 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06 to 1.38) for colorectal cancer to 3.39 (95% CI = 2.24 to 5.12) for liver cancer. For both composite cancer outcomes and individual cancers, the elevated risks did not further increase after 8 years of T2D duration. The hazard ratio for total cancer was 1.28 (95% CI = 1.17 to 1.40) for T2D duration of 4.1-6.0 years, 1.37 (95% CI = 1.25 to 1.50) for 6.1-8.0 years, 1.21 (95% CI = 1.09 to 1.35) for 8.1-10.0 years, and 1.04 (95% CI = 0.95 to 1.14) after 15.0 years. In a cross-sectional analysis, a higher level of plasma C-peptide was found among participants with prevalent T2D of up to 8 years than those without T2D, whereas a higher level of HbA1c was found for those with prevalent T2D of up to 15 years.
conclusionsIncident T2D was associated with higher cancer risk, which peaked at approximately 8 years after diabetes diagnosis. Similar duration-dependent pattern was observed for plasma C-peptide. Our findings support a role of hyperinsulinemia in cancer development.
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