ArticleJNCI cancer spectrum2020
Racial and Ethnic Disparities Among Participants in US-Based Phase 3 Randomized Cancer Clinical Trials.
Article in JNCI cancer spectrum, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Racial and ethnic disparities among children with primary central nervous system tumors in the US.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Indigenous Health Disparities in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Within the United States.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Improving Access and Recruitment to Clinical Trials for Lung Cancer Patients: A Multi-Phase, Qualitative Focus Group and Co-Production Study.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Article
- Bronchus and lung cancer-related mortality trends in the United States from 1999 to 2023.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Comparison of Black and/or Hispanic Cancer Patients' Experiences in Virtual Tobacco Treatment.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- AML Disparities Across Racial Ancestry Groups: A Spotlight on the NPM1 Mutations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a diverse patient population: a single-institution experience.Ecancermedicalscience · 2026Article
- Measuring representation in clinical trials: Simulations demonstrating how current methods fail in the context of precision medicine.PloS one · 2026Article
- Physical activity interventions for Asian Americans in cancer prevention and control: a scoping review.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Unveiling Disparities: Analyzing Hispanic Inclusion in Liver Cancer Research Databases in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Lung Cancer in Patients of African Descent: A Transcontinental Review of Epidemiology, Disparities, Outcomes, and Opportunities for Equity in Africa, North America, South America, and the Caribbean.JTO clinical and research reports · 2025Review
- Beyond Barriers: Achieving True Equity in Cancer Care.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Determinants of first-line clinical trial enrollment among Black and White gynecologic cancer patients.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Observational
- The impact of immune-related adverse events on survival outcomes in a racially diverse population, with a focus on non-Hispanic Black patients.The oncologist · 2025Article
- The role of social, economic, and medical marginalization in cancer clinical trial participation inequities: A systematic review.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2025Review
- Racial Disparities in Surgical Oncologic Research Funding and Impact on Diverse Populations.Journal of surgical oncology · 2024Review
- Real-world use patterns, effectiveness, and tolerability of sacituzumab govitecan for second-line and later-line treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer in the United States.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Observational
- Disparities in Clinical Trial Participation: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Cancer Patients at a Midwest Academic Medical Center.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Biologic Agents Among Hispanic Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Clinical colorectal cancer · 2024Article
- Factors Associated With Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Outcomes.JAMA network open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Comment on
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although improving representation of racial and ethnic groups in United States clinical trials has been a focus of federal initiatives for nearly 3 decades, the status of racial and ethnic minority enrollment on cancer trials is largely unknown. We used a broad collection of phase 3 cancer trials derived from ClinicalTrials.gov to evaluate racial and ethnic enrollment among US cancer trials. The difference in incidence by race and ethnicity was the median absolute difference between trial and corresponding Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Using a cohort of 168 eligible trials, median difference in incidence by race and ethnicity was +6.8% for Whites (interquartile range [IQR] = +1.8% to +10.1%;
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.