ArticleJournal of geriatric cardiology : JGC2020
Optimal INR level in elderly and non-elderly patients with atrial fibrillation receiving warfarin: a report from the COOL-AF nationwide registry in Thailand.
Article in Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Asian Perspectives on Atrial Fibrillation Management: Lessons Learned From the COOL-AF Registry.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- 2025 Thai guideline for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation.Asian biomedicine : research, reviews and news · 2025Article
- The COOL-AF Phase 2 Registry: COhort of Antithrombotic Use and Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
- Effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in low-weight patients with atrial fibrillation.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2024Article
- Effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and advanced kidney disease.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2023Article
- Efficacy and safety outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation compared between warfarin and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants based on SAMe-TTBMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAsian population are at increased risk of bleeding during the warfarin treatment, so the recommended optimal international normalized ratio (INR) level may be lower in Asians than in Westerners. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to determine the optimal INR level in Thai patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).
methodsPatients with NVAF who were on warfarin for stroke prevention were recruited from 27 hospitals in the nationwide COOL-AF registry in Thailand. We collected demographic data, medical history, risk factors for stroke and bleeding, concomitant disease, electrocardiogram and laboratory data including INR and antithrombotic medications. Outcome measurements included ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and major bleeding. Optimal INR level was assessed by the calculation of incidence density for six INR ranges (< 1.5, 1.5-1.99, 2-2.49, 2.5-2.99, 3-3.49, and ≥ 3.5).
resultsA total of 2, 232 patients were included. The mean age of patients was 68.5 ± 10.6 years. The mean follow-up duration was 25.7 ± 10.6 months. There were 63 ischemic stroke/TIA and 112 major bleeding events. The lowest prevalence of ischemic stroke/TIA and major bleeding events occurred within the INR range of 2.0-2.99 for patients < 70 years and 1.5-2.99 for patients ≥ 70 years.
conclusionsThe INR range associated with the lowest risk of ischemic stroke/TIA and bleeding in the Thai population was 2.0-2.99 for patients < 70 years and 1.5-2.99 for patients ≥ 70 years. The rates of major bleeding and ischemic stroke/TIA were both higher than the rates reported in Western population.
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