ArticleFrontiers in immunology2020
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio: A Biomarker to Monitor the Immune Status of Astronauts.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- ESA VIVALDI Dry Immersion Microgravity Simulations Induce Increases in Immune Biomarkers Associated With Physical and Psychological Stress, and Sex-Specific Factors.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Trial
- Immune Cell Dysregulation in Hindlimb Unloading Mouse Model: Implications for Space Applications.Journal of biomedical physics & engineering · 2026Article
- MAPK/PMK-1 innate immune signaling protects the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans from increased intestinal colonization in an animal host-pathogen model in space.NPJ microgravity · 2026Article
- Astroimmunology: the effects of spaceflight and its associated stressors on the immune system.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Correlation between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with the severity of new-onset coronary artery disease in various glucose metabolic states: a retrospective study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Inflammatory biomarkers for predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Telomeres in Space.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Space exploration and risk of Parkinson's disease: a perspective review.NPJ microgravity · 2025Review
- Modulation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and gut microbiome balance in astronauts: potential benefits of novel beta-glucans during space missions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Biological sex as a variable in immunity does not affect parabolic flight-induced alterations in immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Detrimental Effects of Space Flight on the Lumbar Spine May Be Correlated to Baseline Degeneration: Insights From an Advanced MR Imaging Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Antidepressant-like Effects ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Omics Studies of Specialized Cells and Stem Cells under Microgravity Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease in the intensive care unit.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contrasts with immune, cfDNA, mitochondrial, and telomere length changes during short duration spaceflight.Precision clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Sexual dimorphism during integrative endocrine and immune responses to ionizing radiation in mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Low Back Pain During and After Spaceflight: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Journal of pain research · 2024Review
- Morphological Changes of Peri-Coronary Adipose Tissue Together with Elevated NLR in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients in-Hospital.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- The Impact of Microgravity on Immunological States.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of spaceflight factors involved in immune dysfunction and the evaluation of biomarkers to assess in-flight astronaut health are essential goals for NASA. An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a potential biomarker candidate, as leukocyte differentials are altered during spaceflight. In the reduced gravity environment of space, rodents and astronauts displayed elevated NLR and granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios (GLR), respectively. To simulate microgravity using two well-established ground-based models, we cultured human whole blood-leukocytes in high-aspect rotating wall vessels (HARV-RWV) and used hindlimb unloaded (HU) mice. Both HARV-RWV simulation of leukocytes and HU-exposed mice showed elevated NLR profiles comparable to spaceflight exposed samples. To assess mechanisms involved, we found the simulated microgravity HARV-RWV model resulted in an imbalance of redox processes and activation of myeloperoxidase-producing inflammatory neutrophils, while antioxidant treatment reversed these effects. In the simulated microgravity HU model, mitochondrial catalase-transgenic mice that have reduced oxidative stress responses showed reduced neutrophil counts, NLR, and a dampened release of selective inflammatory cytokines compared to wildtype HU mice, suggesting simulated microgravity induced oxidative stress responses that triggered inflammation. In brief, both spaceflight and simulated microgravity models caused elevated NLR, indicating this as a potential biomarker for future in-flight immune health monitoring.
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