ArticleVaccine2020
Meningococcal vaccines and protein-energy undernutrition in children in the African meningitis belt.
Article in Vaccine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of household-, maternal- and child-related factors associated with nutritional status among children under five in Mali: evidence from a Demographic and Health Survey, 2018.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Vaccine and malnutrition: A narrative review.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Review
- Prevalence and contributing factors of anaemia among children aged 6-24 months and 25-59 months in Mali.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVaccines to prevent meningococcal meningitis in the African meningitis belt include PsACWY, a polysaccharide-only vaccine; and PsA-TT, a polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine. Protein-energy undernutrition, a condition where children do not receive enough macro- or micronutrients, is related to increased risk of infectious diseases and poor immune function. Reduced immune function could affect vaccine immunogenicity. We investigated connections between protein-energy undernutrition and vaccine immunogenicity and antibody waning to PsACWY and PsA-TT in children in the African meningitis belt.
methodsThis is a secondary analysis of data collected as part of four clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy of PsA-TT in children in Mali, Ghana, and Senegal. We identified whether anthropometric growth indices (low height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age Z-score categories) were related to reduced vaccine-elicited antibody (measured with rabbit complement) from pre- to 1 month post-vaccination, in linear regression models. We also identified whether these growth indices were related to increased waning for vaccine-elicited antibody over time, in linear regression models.
resultsA total of 697 children were included in our analysis, of which 350 (50.2%) were female; the mean (SD) age was 1.0 (1.1) years, and 578 (83.0%) received PsA-TT. In linear regression models, no consistent statistical relationship was seen between pre-vaccination anthropometric Z-score categories and vaccine immunogenicity, or decline in antibody over time, for either vaccine, although children with low weight-for-height had a greater decline in antibody from 1 to 6 months post-vaccination.
conclusionsOur analysis did not find protein-energy undernutrition to be associated with immunogenicity or waning of PsACWY- or PsA-TT-elicited antibody in children living in the African meningitis belt. Future studies should consider measuring antibody titers at additional time points post-vaccination, and for longer periods of time, to determine if the rate of antibody waning over a period of several years is associated with protein-energy undernutrition.
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